CULTURAL,

SOCIAL AND
POLITICAL
INSTITUTIONS
WHAT IS
KINSHIP?
a feeling of being close or similar
to other people or things.
KINSHIP BY
BLOOD
 Patrilineal descent
Patrilineal, or agnatic, descent is established
by tracing descent exclusively through males
from a founding male ancestor.
 Matrilateral or Matrilineal

The term matrilateral describes kin (relatives)

"on the mother's side".
 Bilateral
Bilateral descent is a system of family lineage in which
the relatives on the mother's side and father's side are
equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of
property or wealth. It is a family arrangement where
descent and inheritance are passed equally through both
parents
KINSHIP BY
MARRIAGE
 MARRIAGE
 Is an institution that admits men and women to family
life.
 Edward Westermarck defined marriage as the more or
less durable connection between male and female
lasting beyond the mere act of propagation till after the
birth of offspring
 MARRIAGE
 Malinowski defined marriage as a contract for the
production and maintenance of children
 To Lundberg, marriage consists of the rules and
regulations that defined the rights, duties and privileges
of husband and wife with respect to each other.
 MONOGAMY
 Is the practice of having only one spouse at one time
 Is the only one that is legal in the United States and in
most industrial nations
 SOCIAL MONOG
Two creatures/person that live together, have sex
with one another, and cooperate in acquiring
basic resources such as food, clothes, and
money.
 SEXUAL MONOG
 Two persons/ creatures that remain sexually
exclusive with one another and have no outside
sex partners
 GENETIC MONOG
 Two creatures/persons that only have
offspring with one another
 MARITAL MONOG
 Marriage of only two people.
 SERIAL MONOG
 A series of relationships, one person has only one
partner at a time, and then moves on to another
partner after severing the relationship with the
first.
 POLYGAMY
 Is the Greek word meaning “the practice of multiple
marriage”. It is a marriage pattern in which an
individual is married to more than one person at
time.
 POLYGYNY
 Is the practice of one man having more
than one wife or sexual partner at a time.
 POLYANDR
 Involves one woman having multiple husbands
 POST
MARITAL
RESIDENCY
RULES
 NEOLOCAL RESIDEN
 Most common, it is where the couple find their own
house, Independent from all family members
 PATRILOCAL RESIDEN

 Married couples lives with the husband’s

father’s family.
 MATRILOCAL RESIDEN

 The couple group where that wife grew up

 AVUNCULOCAL RESIDEN
 Two residence changes are involved
1. upon marriage a women moves in with her husband
2. when son’s reach maturity they leave their father’s
household and moves in with their mother’s brother
 Result is an avuncular extended family consisting of one or
more elder men, their sister’s sons and wives and
immature chikdren of all married men
 NATALOCAL RESIDENCE

 Each partner remains with his and her own

families of residence after marriage.
 DIVORCE
 Is the legal termination of a marriage by a court in a
legal proceeding, requiring a petition or complaint for
divorce by one party.
 NO FAULT DIVORCE
 Allow a spouse to file for divorce without blaming the
other spouse for the dissolution.
 Ground for no-fault divorce include irreconcilable
differences, irremediable breakdown and loss of
affection
 FAULT BASED DIVORCE
 Many states also allow spouse to obtain a fault-
based divorce.
 Ground for fault-based divorce include adultery,
abandonment, domestic violence, and drug and
alcohol abuse.
KINSHIP BY
RITUAL
 KINSHIP BY RITUAL
IN THE FORM OF GODPARENTHOOD OR COMPADRAZGO

COMPADRAZGO - is best described as a system of fictive

kinship, with its origins in the medieval
Catholic church in Europe.
 COMPADRAZGO
Parents selected godparents for a child at his or her
baptism, confirmation, and marriage.
 COMPADRAZGO
The godparents were then tied to the parents as co-
parents. The tie between co-parents and parents
reinforced that of kinship. The same godparents
could serve for the couple's successive children, a
practice that further strengthened the ties between
the families involved.
■ Co-parents with political and economic
resources are sought by the biological parents
of a child in order to ensure political protection
and economic support for the whole family, or
perhaps financial support for the child, for
example in the form of help with school fees.
 In the symbolic sense, compadrazgo often signifies
that simply being born does not entitle a child to
community membership, and that biological parents
must be supplemented by social parents in order to
give the child a social existence. In this sense
baptism can be described as a rite of passage.
The choice of a
godparent also varied
by social class
 SOCIAL CLASS
1. The urban and rural upper
class, and the urban middle
class selected friends or
relatives.
2. The peasants or the urban
poor
• Parents and co-parents were
usually social equals.
• With social relations.
• the choice could be either a
relative or an influential
benefactor (patron).
FAMILY AND THE HOUS
 Nuclear family
 This type of family is what people refer to as
the normal type of family. It includes a mother
and a father living together with their child or
children. The child or children can be born to
the couple or adopted.
 Extended Family
 This family type includes several generations;
grandparents, parents, along with aunts and/or
uncles, siblings and other relatives. They share
accommodation, chores, meals and finances
 Reconstituted Family
A reconstituted family is when two families join
together after one or both partners have divorced
their previous partners.
 Transnational Families
Transnational families are families whose members
are separated physically between two or more
nation-states but maintain close ties and
relationships.
Politics of Kinship
 relation may extend to people, or individual or a
family that has political affiliation with.
 it is the traditional pattern of bequeathing
political power among family members.
 Two types of Political Kinship

1. Political Dynasty
2. Political Alliance
 Political Dynasty

 is a family in which several members are

involved in politics and business.
 Political Alliance
 also known as a coalition or bloc
 is a cooperation by members of different political
parties in countries with a parliamentary system.
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