Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Normal Flora of Digestive System
Normal Flora of Digestive System
OF DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
Rio Risandiansyah, S.Ked, M.P, Ph.D
Outline
■ Normal flora =
– “common predominant types of flora present within body niches and shared
functional traits”.
– “the population of microorganisms that inhabit the skin and mucous
membranes of healthy normal persons”
■ Can be divided into two groups:
1. Resident flora = relatively fixed types of microorganisms regularly found and would
reestablish itself if disturbed
2. Transient flora = nonpathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms that
inhabit the sin or mucous membranes for hours, days, or weeks
■ Members of the normal flora outweigh human body cells 9 to 1.
Human Microbiome Project
Method:
■ Sampling of 200+
subjects.
■ Culture-independent
analysis, using 16S
rRNA PCR.
■ 16S rRNA, area of the
gene which can
taxonomically
determine organisms
(operational taxonomic
unit = OTUs).
Prior to HMP:
Culture
dependent
method
(McFarland, 2000)
Normal Flora of
the Skin
After HMP:
• Different patterns of bacteria population
reside in different areas of the skin.
• Staphylococcal bacteria dominant in
plantar heel, popliteal fossa and occiput
area.
• Propionibacteria and Corynebacteria
dominant in face area.
Notes:
Proteobacteria = Gram negative bacteria
Actinobacteria = Gram positive bacteria
■ Microecology is
established in early
infancy (<2 years old).
■ Adults have greater
microbial diversity than
adolescents or the elderly.
■ Post menopausal women
increased number of fungi,
clostridia, and lactobacili.
■ Reasons for variation
remains unclear.
Geography
■ Diet is probably the most understood factor of gut microflora diversity, as shown
in table above.
Diet