This chapter introduces key concepts in business statistics. It discusses why statistics is important for managers in decision making and problem solving. The chapter covers scales of measurement, the difference between populations and samples, and the basic concepts of descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, parameters, and statistics. It aims to help readers understand how to organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
This chapter introduces key concepts in business statistics. It discusses why statistics is important for managers in decision making and problem solving. The chapter covers scales of measurement, the difference between populations and samples, and the basic concepts of descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, parameters, and statistics. It aims to help readers understand how to organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
This chapter introduces key concepts in business statistics. It discusses why statistics is important for managers in decision making and problem solving. The chapter covers scales of measurement, the difference between populations and samples, and the basic concepts of descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, parameters, and statistics. It aims to help readers understand how to organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
This chapter introduces key concepts in business statistics. It discusses why statistics is important for managers in decision making and problem solving. The chapter covers scales of measurement, the difference between populations and samples, and the basic concepts of descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, parameters, and statistics. It aims to help readers understand how to organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
Understand why statistics is important for managers
Understand the need for data Understand scales of measurement Make a comparison between the four levels of data measurement
Understand some of the basic concepts of statistics
Begin working on MS Excel, Minitab, and SPSS
Business Statistics – Naval Bajpai
Why Statistics Is Important for Managers
Now a days a manager has to develop statistical thinking.
Statistical thinking can be defined as, the ability to collect,
tabulate (present and describe), analyze and interpret data.
Statistical thinking provides support in decision making.
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Roadmap to Learning Statistics
To understand how to present and describe information.
To understand how a conclusion can be drawn from a
sample of small size (taken from a large population).
To understand the concept of process improvement.
To understand how to obtain a reliable forecast of
statistical variables of interest.
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Why We Need Data
When we need to provide more inputs to a given
phenomenon under study. When there is a need to measure performance of an on- going service or production process. When more than one option is available to a decision maker who has to make a choice Research is meant for finding out the unknown, and data is the only tool that can provide a platform to find out this unknown. Data is also needed to satisfy the unlimited inquisitiveness of the human mind.
Nominal Scale: When data are labels or names used to
identify the attribute of an element, the nominal scale is used. Ordinal Scale: In addition to nominal level data capacities, ordinal scale can be used to rank or order objects.
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Scales of Measurement
Interval Scale: In interval level measurement, the
difference between two consecutive numbers is meaningful. Ratio Scale: Ratio level measurements possess all the properties of interval data with meaningful ratio of two values. In terms of measurement capacity, nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio level data are placed in ascending order.
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Figure 1.2: A comparison between the four levels of data measurement in terms of usage potential
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Basic Statistical Concepts
Population and Sample
Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics
Parameter and Statistic
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Population and Sample
A population is a collection of all the elements under
statistical investigation about which we are trying to draw some conclusions. A small representative portion of the population under study is referred to as the sample. A valid statistical procedure of drawing a sample from a population is termed as sampling.
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Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics
Descriptive statistics is the process of describing data
and trying to reach a conclusion based on it.
Statistics provides a scientific procedure to make
inferences about a population based on a sample. This scientific procedure is commonly referred to as statistical inference.
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Parameter and Statistic
A parameter is a descriptive measure of some
characteristics of the population.
A descriptive measure computed from a sample is called a
statistic.
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Figure 1.3: Inferential statistics procedure to estimate a population parameter with the help of sample statistic