FOR PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF B.

TECH
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

SEMINAR BY
SYED HUSAM
REG. NO. 160904056
3D Printing is a form of additive manufacturing in which components are fabricated
in an additive manner by adding successive layers of material together.
 It is also known as rapid prototyping.
 First, a CAD model of the object to be
manufactured is created on a software.
 The CAD information is sent to a printer.
 The printer forms the object by depositing the
material in layers onto a platform.
 The common methods of 3D printing are:-
 FDM
 SLS
 SLA

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 These are of
mainly two
Over the last few years, types:-
different 3D concrete
printing technologies have
been developed to adopt
additive manufacturing
techniques in the
construction industry. Extrusion- Powder-based
based

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The extrusion-based technique is analogous to the FDM method which extrudes
cementitious material from a nozzle mounted on a gantry, crane or a 6-axes robotic
arm to print a structure layer by layer. This technique has been aimed at on-site
construction applications such as large-scale building components with complex
geometries, and has a great potential to make a significant and positive contribution
to the construction industry.

 Contour crafting
 Concrete printing
 CONPrint3D

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It involves deposition of a binder liquid selectively into to powder bed to bind
powder where it impacts the bed. This technique is an off-site process designed for
manufacturing precast components. It is highly suitable for small-scale building
components such as panels and interior structures, that can be assembled on-site. At
the start, a roller, mounted together with a print head, spreads a layer of powder to
cover the base of the build plate.

 D-shape
 Emerging Objects

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 Creation of high-end
Reduction of Reduction of injury
technology-based
construction costs. rates.
jobs.

Increasing
Minimizing chance of
Reduction of on-site sustainability in
errors by precise
construction time. construction by
material deposition.
reducing wastages.

Increasing
architectural freedom.

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 Reduction in various Drop in demand of
labour requirements conventional Limited number of
leading to manufacturing products materials can be used.
unemployment. and equipment.

Errors in digital model

Onsite protection of
will transfer to onsite
printers.
construction.

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 Jan. 2015 Dec. 2016 2023
Six-Storey Apartment Building, 3DBRIDGE, Alcobendas, Project Milestone, Eindhoven,
Shanghai[3] Spain[5] Netherlands[9]

3D-Printed House, Yaroslavl,

Office of the Future, Dubai[4] Russia[8]

May 2016 Oct. 2017

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  This building was unveiled by WinSun
Co. at the Suzhou Industrial Park, of
East China’s Jiangsu Province, along
with a 3D printed standalone villa on
January 18th, 2015.
 The printer used for construction was
6m tall, 10m wide and 40m long. A
basic CAD drawing was fed to the
huge 3D printer which was then able
to fabricate the structure piece by
piece using a specially formulated
material.
 This constituted of construction waste
such as concrete, fibreglass, sand and
a special hardening agent. This
mixture was flexible, self-insulating
and resistant to earthquakes.
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 The walls of the structure were
fabricated offsite with a diagonal
reinforced print pattern and then
shipped in and pieced together. The
reinforcement bars were then
placed within the walls.
 The construction methods,
according to the company, are able
to save 60 percent of the materials
typically needed to construct a
home, and can be printed in a time
span which equates to just 30
percent of that of traditional
construction.
 In total, 80 percent less labor is
needed, meaning more affordable
construction, and less risk of injury
to contractors.

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  It is the first fully functional,
inhabited 3D printed building ever.
It was inaugurated on May 23, 2016.
 A 3D-printer measuring 20 feet
high, 120 feet long and 40 feet wide
was used to print the building. The
printer features an automated
robotic arm to implement printing
process.
 The entire structure was printed
using a giant cement printer, then
assembled on site. Printing took 17
days and was installed on in 2 days.
Subsequent work on the building
services, interiors, and landscape
took approximately 3 months.

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 The labour involved in the printing process
included one technician to monitor the
function of the printer, a team of seven
people to install the building components
on site, as well as a team of 10 electricians
and specialists to take care of the
mechanical and electrical engineering. As a
result, the labour cost was cut by more than
50% compared to conventional buildings of
similar size.
 The building is also extremely energy
efficient. It is oriented to maximise visibility
and natural light, but to shade the inside
through digitally sculpted overhangs above
the windows.
 This minimise direct solar heating and
reduces the need for air conditioning and
lighting.
 Further sustainability features include 100%
LED lighting, responsive building systems,
green landscaping, and low energy air
conditioning and cooling.

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  The bridge was installed in the park
of Castilla-La Mancha in Alcobendas,
Madrid, Spain. It is 12m long and
1.75m wide and was inaugurated on
December 14th, 2016.
 It consists of eight parts, with each
one created by layers of fused
concrete powder which are micro-
reinforced with thermoplastic
polypropylene.
 The architectural design was done by
IAAC and the implementation of the
structure which included structural
design, material development and
manufacturing of elements was
carried out by ACCIONA.

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 The bridge was developed through parametric and computational design and was
manufactured using D-shape.

[6] [7]

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  It was built by a Moscow-based 3D
printing company, AMT-SPECAVIA
and opened on October 24th, 2017.
 With a total area of 298.5 sq. metres,
it is Europe’s first habitable 3D-
printed building and also its largest
3D-printed building.
 The walls, decorative elements and
tower was printed separately offsite
and then assembled.
 AMT-SPECAVIA used its own S-6044
construction 3D printer, a machine
with a build area of 3.5 x 3.6 x 1
meters. The printing speed of the
machine was 15 sq. metres per
hour.

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  Easily available M-300 sandcrete
was used as the printing material
for the large structural sections of
the building, with each printed
layer measuring 10 mm thick and
30 to 50 mm wide.

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  It is the world’s first commercial housing
project based on 3D-concrete printing,
which involves five 3D-printed concrete
houses to be completed by 2023, in
Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
 It is a collaboration project between TU
Eindhoven, the Municipality and four
other companies.
 The first house is expected to be
completed in late 2019, with each
following house to be inspired by the
innovations and lessons from the
previous houses.
 The houses have futuristic design, with
the concept that a machine can print
different designs for the same price.

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 Using contour crafting, Dr. Behrokh Khoshnevis reports that he has created walls
that are 6 feet high, by adding layers of concrete 6 inches high and 4 inches thick.
The walls have a compressive strength of 10000 psi. According to him, this
technology will be able to print a 2500 sq. feet house in less than a day.[10]
 A Dutch firm, Universe Architecture, is a planning on building a 12000 sq. feet
Mobius strip shaped home by 3D printing sections on site and then assembling
them.[11]
 An Amsterdam based firm, Dus Architects, is in the process of printing a canal
house.[12]
 WinSun has printed 10 houses, each measuring 200 sq. metres and costing $5000,
in less than 24 hours. It even constructed its own 10000 sq. metres office space in a
month using an assembly line of four printers.[13]

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1) Current Progress of 3D Concrete Printing Technologies-Behzad Nematollahi, Ming Xia and Jay Sanjayan, ISARC, 2017.
2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53zN4MZI8RE
3) https://3dprint.com/38144/3d-printed-apartment-building
4) http://www.officeofthefuture.ae/
5) http://www.3ders.org/articles/20161214-spain-unveils-worlds-first-3d-printed-pedestrian-bridge-made-of-concrete.html
6) https://3dprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/dshape7.jpg
7) https://iaac.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/DESIGN-DEVELOPMENT-PROCESS-DIAGRAM-1024x837.jpg
8) http://www.3ders.org/articles/20171024-amt-specavia-builds-europes-first-habitable-3d-printed-building.html
9) https://3dprintedhouse.nl/en/project-info/project-milestone/
10) http://craft.usc.edu/CC/modem.html
11) https://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/20/dutch-architects-to-use-3d-printer-to-build-a-house/
12) https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2594234/The-3D-printed-HOUSE-Technology-used-construct-entire-
building-including-furniture-Amsterdam.html#ixzz3WXL1ePwj
13) https://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2014/04/15/how-a-chinese-company-built-10-homes-in-24-hours/?mod=e2fb

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 THANK YOU QUESTIONS?

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