Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Stability of Slopes For Embankments
Stability of Slopes For Embankments
Crozet Tunnel
4281’
Central America??
Gros Ventre Slide, WY, 1925
(pronounced “grow vahnt”)
29 fatalities
Nelson County, VA
Madison County, VA
Slope Stability
I. Stresses and Strength
A. Applies to all sloping surfaces
• Balancing of driving and resisting forces
• If Resisting forces > Driving Forces:
stability
Slope Stability
I. Stresses and Strength
A. Applies to all sloping surfaces
• Balancing of driving and resisting forces
• If Resisting forces > Driving Forces:
stability
B. Engineering Approach
• Delineate the surface that is most at risk
• Calculate the stresses
• Calculate the Shear Strength
A Friendly Review From Last Month……
σ = Force / Area
cos Θ = a = Fn
h = Fg
sin Θ = o = Fs
h = Fg
Fn = Fg cos Θ
Fs = Fg sin Θ
Shear Stress Analysis
Find the
Fn = Fg cos Θ
Shear stress Fs = Fg sin Θ
Fn = Fg cos Θ
Fs = Fg sin Θ
Consider a planar slide whose failure surface is ‘linear’…..
II. Planar Slide—case 1
Volume of Slice =
MO x PR x 0.5 x 1 ft
II. Planar Slide—case 1
Volume of Slice =
MO x PR x 0.5 x 1 ft
Sa = Shear Stress
Sa = W sin β
W = Fg
Fn = Fg cos β
Fs = Fg sin β
Sa = W sin β
Fn = Fg cos β
Fs = Fg sin β
Sr = Friction + Cohesion
= W cos β tan ϕ + c * (segment MO)
Sr = W cos β tan ϕ + cL
Factor of Safety
Fs = Sr = W cos β tan ϕ + cL
Sa = W sin β
Sa = shear stress
Sa = W sin β
An Example…..
•Slope of 23 degrees Factor of Safety
•Angle of internal friction of 30 degrees
•Cohesion of 90 lbs/ft2
•Soil is 100lbs/ft3 Fs = Sr = W cos β tan ϕ + cL
•MO has a distance of 100 ft Sa = W sin β
•PR has a distance of 22 ft
Sa 42980.42
Sr 67459.91
A. The process
• Determine volume of each slice
• Determine the weight of each slice
III. Rotational Slide—case 1
A. The process
• Determine volume of each slice
• Determine the weight of each slice
• Calculate the driving and resisting forces
of each slice
• Sum ‘em up and let it rip!
III. Rotational Slide—case 1
“should use a minimum of 6 slices”
For Slice 1:
11’ x 20’ x 1’ = 220 ft3
Calculate the weight of each slice…
220 ft3 x 100 lbs/ft3 = 22,000 lbs.
For Slice 2:
30’ x 20’ x 1’ = 600 ft3
600 ft3 x 100 lbs/ft3 = 60,000 lbs
For Slice 3:
38’ x 20’ x 1’ = 760 ft3
760 ft3 x 100 lbs/ft3 = 76,000 lbs
For Slice 4:
25’ x 20’ x 1’ = 500 ft3
500 ft3 x 100 lbs/ft3 = 50,000 lbs
The Driving Force:
The Driving Force:
(+)
(+)
The Driving Force:
(-)
The Driving Force:
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(-) (-) (-) (-/+) (+)
The Driving Force:
Your turn!
50,000 lbs
76,000 lbs
60,000 lbs
22,000 lbs
????
The Resisting Force:
(+)
(+)
(+)
The Resisting Force:
Your turn!!
Factor of Safety
Fs = Sr = W cos β tan ϕ + cL
Sa = W sin β
Factor of Safety
Fs = Sr = 100,930 lbs
Sa = 47,560 lbs
Factor of Safety
Fs = Sr = 100,930 lbs
Sa = 47,560 lbs
Fs = 2.12
Another Example:
Hc = 2 * c * tan(45 + ϕ/2)
γ
Another Example:
Hc = 2 * c * tan(45 + ϕ/2)
γ
Hc = 2 * c * tan(45 + ϕ/2)
γ
Hc = 2 * 400 lbs/ft2 * tan(45 + 30/2)
130 lbs/ft3
Another Example:
Hc = 2 * c * tan(45 + ϕ/2)
γ
Hc = 2 * 400 lbs/ft2 * tan(45 + 30/2)
130 lbs/ft3
Hc = 2 * 400 lbs/ft2 * 1.732
130 lbs/ft3
Another Example:
Hc = 2 * c * tan(45 + ϕ/2)
γ
Hc = 2 * 400 lbs/ft2 * tan(45 + 30/2)
130 lbs/ft3
Hc = 2 * 400 lbs/ft2 * 1.732
130 lbs/ft3
Hc = 10.65 ft
Yet Another Example:
Hc = 4 * cd * sin i * cos ϕd
γ (1 – cos(i – ϕd))
….and
2 = 600 2 = 24
cd ϕd
Yet Another Example:
Hc = 4 * cd * sin i * cos ϕd
γ (1 – cos(i – ϕd))
….and
2 = 600 2 = 24
cd ϕd
cd = 300 ϕd = 12
Yet Another Example:
Hc = 4 * cd * sin i * cos ϕd
γ (1 – cos(i – ϕd))
Hc = 4 * 300 lbs/ft2 * sin 90 * cos 12
110 lbs/ft3 (1 – cos(90 – 12))
Yet Another Example:
Hc = 4 * cd * sin i * cos ϕd
γ (1 – cos(i – ϕd))
Hc = 4 * 300 lbs/ft2 * (1) * (0.978)
110 lbs/ft3 (1 – 0.208)
Yet Another Example:
Hc = 4 * cd * sin i * cos ϕd
γ (1 – cos(i – ϕd))
Hc = 4 * 300 lbs/ft2 * (1) * (0.978)
110 lbs/ft3 (1 – 0.208)
Hc = 1173.5 lbs/ft2
87.12 lbs/ft3
Yet Another Example:
Hc = 4 * cd * sin i * cos ϕd
γ (1 – cos(i – ϕd))
Hc = 4 * 300 lbs/ft2 * (1) * (0.978)
110 lbs/ft3 (1 – 0.208) Hc = 13.5 ft
Hc = 1173.5 lbs/ft2
87.12 lbs/ft3