PARAPHRASING

AND
SUMMARIZING
• SHE ANGERED ME WITH HER INAPPROPRIATE
COMMENTS, RUMOR SPREADING, AND
DISRESPECTFULNESS AT THE FORMAL DINNER
TABLE.

• SHE MADE ME ANGRY WHEN SHE WAS RUDE AT

DINNER.
 PARAPHRASE
• EXPRESS THE MEANING OF (the writer or speaker or
something written or spoken), USING DIFFERENT WORDS,
ESPECIALLY TO ACHIEVE GREATER CLARITY.
• THE TERM ITSELF IS DERIVED via Latin “ paraphrasis “ and
from Greek “ parafrasis “ meaning ADDITIONAL MANNER
OF EXPRESSION.
• THE ACT OF PARAPHRASING IS CALLED “ PARAPHRASIS “
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
PARAPHRASING

•PARAPHRASE IS LONGER THAN A

SUMMARY
•PARAPHRASE HAS TO BE SPECIFIC
•PARAPHRASE CLARIFIES THE TEXT
 HOW TO PARAPHRASE?
• 1. DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ORIGINAL TEXT
• 2. CHANGE THE ORIGINAL WORD CHOICE
• 3. USE A THESAURUS TO HELP YOU WITH WORD CHOICE
• 4. CREATE YOUR OWN SYNTAX FOR YOUR PARAPHRASED
PARAGRAPH
• 5. TRY TO CHANGE THE STRUCTURE OF THE PARAGRAPH
• 6. KEEP IN MIND THAT THERE IS MORE THAN ONE WAY TO
PARAPHRASE A PARAGRAPH
 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KNOWING PROPER
PARAPHRASING
• You can grab the interest of readers because of turning any copied text into an original
document with the same meaning.
• One learns the ways of writing by him/herself. It is not quite simple but regular
practice can make it possible for sure.
• This also shows that you’ve understood the source properly.
• Chances of the acceptance of any document that you rewrite increases because of
knowing the right method of paraphrasing.
• It gives us enough confidence to write on any topic and subject without any reluctance.
 ORIGINAL
PARAGRAPH
 “But the hearing was about more than
Facebook; it exposed a critical turning
point as the power, sophistication and
potential exploitation of technology
outpaces what users, regulators or even
its creators expected or seem prepared to
handle”
PARAPHRASED
VERSION
 The hearing made it apparent that the
expectations of creators, regulators and users have
been rapidly eclipsed by technology in general, not
only Facebook. Such technologies now extend
beyond what these parties are able to manage, due
to their immense influence, potential for
exploitation and sophistication
 SUMMARIZING
• IT IS A POWERFUL READING STRATEGY.
• A SUMMARY CAN BE COMPLETED IN
WRITING, BUT ALSO ORALLY,
DRAMATICALLY, ARTISTICALLY, VISUALLY,
PHYSICALLY OR MUSICALLY.
SUMMARIZING IS:

•KEEPING
•DELETING
•PARAPHRASING
• KEEPING – KEEP ONLY THE IMPORTANT
INFORMATION AND MAIN IDEAS
• DELETING – DO NOT INCLUDE
SUPPORTING DETAILS IN YOUR
SUMMARY
• PARAPHRASING- USING YOUR OWN
WORDS.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMARIZING

•SUMMARY IS SHORTER THAN A

PARAPHRASE
•SUMMARY CAN BE SELECTIVE
•SUMMARY CONDENSES THE TEXT
 HOW TO SUMMARIZE?
• 1. PREVIEW AND READ
• 2.TAKE NOTES ON THE ORIGINAL TEXT
• 3. MAKE A LIST/ OUTLINE THE MAIN IDEA OF THE
ORIGINAL TEXT
• 4. INCLUDE SEVERAL SUPPORTING EXAMPLES
FROM THE TEXT
• 5. WRITE A SUMMARY
 ORIGINAL PARAGRAPH

“The Northern
Lights”
There are times when the night sky glows with bands
of color. The bands may begin as cloud shapes and
then spread into a great arc across the entire sky.
They may fall in folds like a curtain drawn across the
heavens. The lights usually grow brighter, then
suddenly dim. During this time the sky glows with
pale yellow, pink, green, violet, blue, and red.
These lights are called the Aurora Borealis. Some
people call them the Northern Lights. Scientists
have been watching them for hundreds of years.
They are not quite sure what causes them. In
ancient times people were afraid of the Lights.
They imagined that they saw fiery dragons in the
sky. Some even concluded that the heavens were
on fire.
 SUMMARY OF THE
PARAGRAPH
“ THE NORTHERN LIGHTS “
 The Aurora Borealis, or Northern
Lights, are bands of color in the night
sky. Ancient people thought that these
lights were dragon on fire, and even
modern scientists are not sure what
they are.
 ORIGINAL PASSAGE SAMPLE
Just as Peanuts seems to have absorbed so much of the popular culture
which preceded it, the comic strip has had a profound influence on the
society and culture of its own time. Peanuts affects and inspires our daily
lives, and not simply because we can open our daily newspapers and find
it there without fail (for over 14,000 days now without interruption—
one of the few certainties in a world beset by unsettling changes).
Peanuts has become an integral part of the history of American culture
through its influence in so many areas of our life and society.
SUMMARY

According to M. Thomas Inge, the

comic strip, Peanuts, has a great
influence on our present-day culture
(104).
END OF SLIDE. 