TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

RADIAN MEASURE
 555 Q#4: Special Right
Triangle
1. 2. 3. 300
600
a a 10 cm
12 6 a
cm cm
300 600

4. 5. 600
450
12 cm a

450 300

12 cm
 Brief History of
Trigonometry

Historically, trigonometry was developed for

astronomy and geography, but scientists have been
using it for centuries for other purposes, too.
Besides other fields of mathematics, trig is used in
physics, engineering, and chemistry. Within
mathematics, trig is used in primarily in calculus
(which is perhaps its greatest application), linear
algebra, and statistics. Since these fields are used
throughout the natural and social sciences, trig is a
very useful subject to know.
 Application of Trigonometry

Astronomy and geography

Trigonometric tables were created over two
thousand years ago for computations in
astronomy.
Application of Trigonometry

As the earth is also a sphere,

trigonometry is used in geography and
in navigation. Ptolemy (100-178) used
trigonometry in his Geography and
used trigonometric tables in his works.
Columbus carried a copy of
Regiomontanus' Ephemerides
Astronomicae on his trips to the New
World and used it to his advantage.
Application of Trigonometry

Engineering and physics

Although trigonometry was first applied to

spheres, it has had greater application to
planes. Surveyors have used trigonometry for
centuries. Engineers, both military engineers
and otherwise, have used trigonometry nearly
as long.
Physics lays heavy demands on trigonometry.
Optics and statics are two early fields of
physics that use trigonometry, but all
branches of physics use trigonometry since
trigonometry aids in understanding space.
Related fields such as physical chemistry
naturally use trig.
 Geometry vs Trigonometry

Geometry Trigonometry
An angle is the union An angle is the union
of two non-collinear of two rays having a
rays having a common end point.
common end point. -Directed angle
-Measurement of the (Considers negative
angle is between 0 angles or angles
to 1800 greater than 1800)
 Angle Measure

Terminal
side: gives
the final
position of
the angle Counterclockwise:
positive angle measure Clockwise: negative angle
 measure
Vertex 

Initial side: starting

position of the angle
 Angle Measure

-300

650

1950


5550
Paper Plate Activity

Materials Needed:
 1 flattened circular paper plate each
 5 different colored markers
 2 m of ticker tape each

Note:
After this activity, make sure to keep the ticker
tape and paper plate. They will be used
in another activity.
 Procedure and Analysis:

A. 1. Cut a circumference length of ticker

tape by wrapping it around the paper
plate and cutting the appropriate
length.
2. Fold your paper plate into 4 equal parts
to approximate the radius.
3. Mark-off segments on the ticker tape of
lengths equal to the radius. Label them
1r, 2r, etc.
 Procedure and Analysis:

i Number of ii Formula for iii Relating i

Radii on your Circumference and ii, exactly
ticker tape of a Circle how many radii
are here
6+ _________ 2r 2

4. Suppose the paper plates of your group are of

different sizes, do you think you will all
end up with the same answer in iii? If so, what is a
direct conclusion of this?
 Procedure and Analysis:

Aside from degree measure of an angle, we also

have the radian measure of an angle.
It is defined as the measure of an angle in terms of
the length of an arc corresponding to the length of
the radius of the circle.

Since iii is true for any circle (no matter what the
2
radius maybe) any circle has _______(iii) radians.
 Procedure and Analysis:

5. If any circle has an arc measure of 3600 and

also ______radians,
2 answer the following:
Conversion of Degrees to Conversion of Radians to
Radians Degrees
3600 =_______radians
2 ________radians
2 = 3600

10 = _______radians
180 180 0

1 radian = ______
 Procedure and Analysis:

B. 1. Unfold your paper plate. Label one end of a radius

(as in the positive x-axis) as 0 or 2.

2. Mark off the other three ends of the folded part in fractions
of 4 of 2, moving in a counter-clockwise direction.
 3
, ,
(eg. )
2 2
3. Using the other side of the ticker tape, place its end on the
 3
0 or 2 mark on the circle. Mark off the , , accordingly
on to the ticker tape. 2 2
 Procedure and Analysis:

This time we will mark of 8, 6 and 12 equal parts on the circle.

Since it will be difficult to fold the paper plate, we will fold the
ticker tape instead.

4. Fold the ticker tape into 8 equal parts. Mark these folds with
just one color of your pens. This means that we have divided 2
radians into 8 parts. Label these marks in fractions of 8 of 2.

5. Repeat step #4 for 6 and 12 equal parts using one color at a

time for each.
 RADIAN MEASURE

 
2
3 3
2 3 
4 4

5 6
6
 0
2
7
11
6
5 7
6

4 4
3 5 4
3 2 3
 Degrees & Radians

0
360  2 radians
0 
1  radians
180
180
1 radian  degrees

Convert the following

Degrees Radians
2700
-4560
12370
32
5
111

7