BRAKING

1. Master cylinder

2. Wheel alignment -: Camber,Caster and Kingpin inclination

3. Tire specifications

4. Callipers -: Fixed callipers and floating callipers

5. Rotor -: based on its designed and material

 MASTER CYLINDER
It is a hydraulic device consists
of one or two pistons arranged
in such a manner that it
converts the mechanical force
(applied by the driver when
brake pedals are pressed) into
hydraulic pressure.
 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Camber :- Angle between steering axis and
centre line of wheel/tire.
 Positive Camber:
1) Mostly used in offroading vehicles for easy
steering.
2) Can take more load.
3) Also used in passengers cars.
 Negative Camber:
1) Used in race cars and high speed sports
cars.
2) Because it helps to make contact with the
ground while turning in speed.
Caster :-Angle between the plane and the vertical axis.
 TIRE SPECIFICATIONS
For example : P 215/60 R 15 98 V

 P represents the type of vehicle (passenger

car).
 215mm represents the section width/ tire
width.
 60% represents the Aspect ratio.
st=section height*100/tire width
 R represents the internal construction of a tire
(radial).
 98 represents the load index rating for a single
tire.
 H represents the speed rating.
 ROTOR
::Designed based Rotors::
1. Vented Brake Rotor:
 The friction surface consists of 2
metal discs held together.
 Tunnel/gap between 2 metal discs
for heat escape.
 Curved wings that acts like a pump
to evacuate heat and better
cooling.
2. DRILLED BRAKE ROTOR:
 Reduce surface area.
 Holes become stress point during
heat effect causing cracking.
 Easily heat is Evacuated.

 Maintain temperature during

extreme operating condition.
 Cost of drilling is less and can be
easily manufactured.
 :: ALTERNATE ROTOR MATERIAL ::
1. Carbon Ceramics-: High thermal stableness,longer life time.

2. Stainless steel (321)-: Corrosion resistance,heat resistance etc.

3. Aluminum matrix composite-: Durable,light weight etc.

:: Condition For Material Selection ::

 tensile strength
 Impact test
 Specific heat etc.