By-

Akshat pandit
Class- 7B
Roll No- 19
 What is Photography ?

photography is the rocess ofWerecording pictures

seldom think of
by means of capturing light on a light-senstive
what we have,
medium, such as a film or electronic sensor.
but always think of
what we miss
 What is Photography ?

Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects expose

a sensitive silver halide based chemical or electronic
medium during a timed exposure.
It is usually done through a photographic lens in a
device known as a camera that also stores the resulting
information chemically or electronically.
 What is camera ?

A camera is a device used to capture

images, either as still photographs or
as sequences of moving images
(movies or videos).
The term comes from the Latin camera obscura for
"dark chamber" for an early mechanism of projecting
images where an entire room functioned as a real-time
imaging system; the modern camera evolved from the
camera obscura.

Agfa box camera, a Polaroid Land

camera, and a Yashica 35 mm SLR
 Photography has many uses for both business and pleasure.
It is often the basis of advertising and in fashion print.
Photography can also be viewed as a commercial and artistic
endeavor.

Lens and mounting of a large- A handheld digital camera.

format camera

A modern DSLR camera, the Canon EOS 40D

 History of camera

The first camera that was small and portable enough to

be practical for photography was built by Johann Zahn
in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before
technology caught up to the point where this was
practical.
 History of camera
 Before each exposure, a sensitized plate would be inserted in front of the viewing
screen to record the image.

 Jacques Daguerre's popular daguerreotype process utilized copper plates, while the
calotype process invented by William Fox Talbot recorded images on paper.

 The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris.

 Niépce built on a discovery by Johann Heinrich Schultz (1724): a silver and chalk
mixture darkens under exposure to light. However, while this was the birth of
photography, the camera itself can be traced back much further.

 Before the invention of photography, there was no way to preserve the images
produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them.
                                                                      
Contax S—the world's Asahiflex Kodak Retina IIIC Nikon F of 1959
first pentaprism SLR

                                                             

Voigtländer Vitoret of Silvestri Opened up Cine Kodak, Voigtländer Brillant
1962 Flexicam used 35mm movie film twin-lens reflex
camera.
 History of photography
Photography is the result of combining several technical
discoveries.

Long before the first photographs were made, Ibn al-Haytham

(Alhazen) (965–1040) invented the camera obscura and pinhole
camera.

 Albertus Magnus (1193–1280) discovered silver nitrate, and

Georges Fabricius (1516–1571) discovered silver chloride.

 Daniel Barbaro described a diaphragm in 1568.

Wilhelm Homberg described how light darkened some chemicals

(photochemical effect) in 1694.

The fiction book Giphantie, by French author Tiphaigne de la

Roche, described what can be interpreted as photography.
Photography as a usable process goes back to the
180s with the development of chemical photography.
The first permanent photograph was an image
produced in 1826 by the French inventor Nicéphore
Niépce.

 However, the picture took eight hours to expose, so

he went about trying to find a new process.
 Types of photography

Black-and-white photography
Color photography
The first
Digital photography permanent color
photograph, taken
by Jame Cerk
Maxwell in 1861.
 Black-and-white photography
All photography was originally monochrome, most of these photographs were
black-and-white. Even after color film was readily available, black-and-white
photography continued to dominate for decades, due to its lower cost and its
"classic" photographic look.

 Color photography
Color photography was explored beginning in the mid 1800s. Early experiments in
color could not fix the photograph and prevent the color from fading. The first
permanent color photo was taken in 1861 by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell.

 Digital photography

In 1981, Sony unveiled the first consumer camera to use a charge-coupled device
for imaging, eliminating the need for film: the Sony Mavica.
While the Mavica saved images to disk, the images were displayed on television,
and the camera was not fully digital.
In 1990, Kodak unveiled the DCS 100, the first commercially available digital
camera. Although its high cost precluded uses other than photojournalism and
professional photography, commercial digital photography was born.
 1. Martin Germany
Gommel
2. Emily
Higginson Canada

3. Jim America
Goldstein
4. Anoop Negi India

5. Marko Serbia
Kosovcevic
Top five Photographers 
Bibliography

 www.google.com

 www.wikipedia.com

 www.tutor2u.com
THE END