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Rajat Seminaar Final
Rajat Seminaar Final
on
Role of Rootstocks in Temperate
Fruit Production
Conclusion
Lower portion root system
Seedling or clonal.
Traits:
Dwarfing, precocity, improvement of fruit
quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance etc.
Scion
Rootstock
Source: extension.org/parts-of-the-grape-vine:-roots
Ideal Rootstock
Influence of interstock.
Size and growth habit. Vigour of the
Precocity in Flowering rootstocks.
and Fruiting. Form of root system.
Fruit set and yield. Cold hardiness of the
Fruit size and quality. rootstock.
Disease resistance.
Formation of Graft Union
Lining up vascular cambium of rootstock
and scion
Wounding response
•Yellowing foliage.
• Decline.
•Premature death.
•Overgrowth.
•Suckering.
Type Definition example correction cause
Malling-Merton Rootstocks
MM.104, MM.106 and MM.111
Other
Northern Spy, Robusta No. 5, Bemali,
Jork 9, MAC1, MAC 9 (Mark), MAC
39, B.9, B.490, B.491, P. 1, P.2, P.
18, P.22, J 9, O 3, O 8, C 6, Novole,
G 30, G 65, KC 1, KC 1-48-41,
Alnarp 2, K 14
www.goodfruit.com
Adaptability to Abiotic Stress
Rootstocks Abiotic Stress References
M13 and M16 Highly tolerant to Blasse, 1960
waterlogged condition
M7, M16, M25 and MM109 High soil temperature Holubowicz et al., 1982
condition
Perry, 2012
Recent development of some apple rootstocks
Rootstocks Feature Reference
P2 Higher Ca uptake Ben and Malgarzata,
2005
P16 Sub dwarf Wesley and James, 2001
Good fruit yield and size
P 22 Dwarf and stronger than M9 Szczygiel and Czynczyk,
2002
P 60 Good yield efficiency -do-
N P. amygdaliformis, P. eleaegrifolia
P P. amygdaliformis, P. eleaegrifolia, P. pashia
K P. pashia, sorbus spp.
Ca Old Home, OH X F clones, P. betulifolia
Mg Cydonia oblonga, sorbus spp
Mn Sorbus spp, P. fauriei
Fe P. amygdaliformis, P. eleaegrifolia, P. pashia
B P. eleaegrifolia, P. pashia, P. ussuriensis,
P. betulifolia.
Reighard, 2000
Plum
Prunus insititia selections:
St. Julian stocks, St. Julien A, St. Julien K, St. Julien GF 655-2,
St. Julien hybrid 1, St. Julien W 61, St. Julien hybrid 2,
Black Dames, Pixy, Common Mussel
Romanian rootstocks:
Rosior varatic, Corocodus 163, Porumbar De Lasi, Otesani 8
Other:
GF 677, GF 557, Ishtara, Hybrid P 2038,
Citation, Ferlenain, Maridon, Anna,
Agata, Kala Amritsari, Kabuli Greengage
Wangenheim Prune Seedlings
Apricot
• ROOTSTOCK SPECIES • ROOTSTOCKS
• P. amygdalus, P. besseyi, P. • Seedlings of Plum, Peach and
sibirica, Apricot
• P. mandschurica, P. • Other: Amelia, Agata, Alina,
tomentosa, P. mume,
Marianna GF 8/1, Marianna
Triploid hybrids of P.
cerasifera x P. spinosa, 2624
WALNUT: WALNUT:
J. hindsii, J. major, J. regia, J. microcarpa Royal, Paradox
(J. rupestris), J. sieboldiana ( J.ailantifolia),
J. mandshurica, J. californica, J. nigra; ALMOND:
hybrids of: J. nigra and J. hindsii, Pterocarya GF 677, Alnem 1,
stenoptera Alnem 38, Alnem201,
Hansen 536, 2168,
GF 557
CHESTNUT:
Seedling rootstocks: Gin-Yose, Shibaguri
CHESTNUT: and Miyagawa No. 20
Castanea crenata, C. mollissima,
C. sativa, C. dentate, C. pumila, C. alnifolia,
C. azarkensis, C. henryi
and C. seguinii
Rootstocks with various Characteristics
Rootstocks Dwarfing Cold hardy High temp. High moisture Powdery
tolerant mildew
APPLE B-490, B-491, J-9, M-7, B-491, B-490, B- M-7, MM- MM-116, M-7, P series (P 1,
M-9, M-26, M-27, 9, O-3, P-2, P-18, 109. MM-104 P2, P 16, P-18).
MAC-1, MAC-9, MAC- P-22, K-14,
39. MM-106, O-3, O-8, Novole, Alnarp 2,
OAR-1, P2, P18. Robusta 5.
Pear OHXF 51, Oregon 211, OH x F series. Oregon-211 Oregon 211 X 249, Oregon 211 and
Oregon 249, OH x F 34, and 249, Oregon 260, 261 249
OH x F 69, OH x F 87, Oregon-260, and 264.
OH x F 230, OH x F 261 and 264.
233.
PEACH Siberian C Siberian C, GF- Kabuli St. Julien -Hyb -
677, Marianna No.1 and No.2,
GF 8/1, Damas Myram.
GF- 1869
PLUM Pixy, St. Julien. St. Julien A, Marianna GF 8/1, -
Marianna-2624, Marianna 2621,
Marianna GF 8/1. Damas GF 1869.
APRICOT Hyb. P 2038, St. Julien P Haggith. -
6703.
CHERRY Colt. .W-10, W-13 -
Cont.
Crown & root rot Crown Gall Nematodes Canker and
Gummosis
• CITH, Srinagar
Clonal Rootstock Maintained:
Apple : MM-106, MM-111, M-9, EMLA-106, M-26, M-27, M. baccata,
M. sargentii, M. sikkimensis, M. floribunda, M. macrocarpa,M.
eseltine, M. prunifolia, M. robusta, M. sieboldii.
Cherry : Mazzard, Mahaleb, Colt.
Review of work done in
temperate fruits
Case study-1
Mean 110.50 89.75 15.85 12.77 3.74 6.31 130.09 108.83 311.066 290.90
CD0.05
R - 12.31 1.89 1.00 12.26 NS
D - 17.41 2.68 1.42 17.34 51.16
RxD - 24.63 3.79 2.00 24.52 72.13
Depth: D2: 25-50
D1: 0-25 cm cm D3: 50-75 cm D4: 75-100 cm
from tree <1 mm Mean 1-3 mm Mean >3 mm Mean M7 MM106 M7 MM106
H2 133.00 108.20 120.60 17.08 16.26 16.67 4.01 8.02 6.02 154.09 132.48 143.29 294.10 389.90 342.00
H3 66.88 57.37 62.11 16.93 10.07 13.50 2.83 4.76 3.80 86.64 72.18 79.41 166.50 176.90 171.20
H4 24.27 22.65 23.48 7.17 7.40 7.29 1.33 2.71 2.02 32.82 32.76 32.79 91.97 67.12 79.60
Mean 110.50 89.75 15.85 12.77 3.74 6.31 130.09 108.83 311.66 290.90
Treatment combinations Stock girth Scion girth Tree Spread (m) Tree height Canopy volume
North-South East-west
(cm) (cm) (m) (m3)
2004–2009
2009 1999–2009
RootstockS
trunk diameter average fruit weight tree die-back
(cm) (g) SSC (%) (%)
Gisela 5 7.3 6.1 17.0 56
Gisela 4 9.8 6.9 16.9 6
Gi 497/8 9.9 7.3 16.9 0
Gi 209/1 6.6 5.8 17.2 72
Gi 148/8 8.5 6.4 17.7 33
Gi 195/20 6.6 6.2 17.5 42
Gi 154/7 9.9 7.3 16.7 17
Gi 523/02 8.7 7.6 15.9 40
Weiroot 53 8.1 7.3 16.7 33
Weiroot 158 8.4 7.0 17.8 33
P-HL-A 9.6 7.7 16.8 17
Damil 7.2 7.2 17.1 6
LSD05 0.78 0.39 1.17 –
M.9 93
M.26 75
G.11 19
CG.179 18
CG.30 15
CG.4202 14
CG.3041 13
Canopy architecture
Fruit quality
Nutrient absorption