BASIC CONCEPT OF DENTAL

IMPLANT
“An artificial dental root that is surgically
inserted into the jaw bone &that can be used
by the dentist as platform for prosthesis”
 HISTORY OF DENTAL IMPLANT
• 1950s P.I.Branemark & associates
• 1965 first patient
• 1976 Schroder et al.
• 1978 Schulte(German)
• 1981 Albrektsson
 OSSEOINTEGRATION
• “A direct structural&functional connection
between bone and the surface of a load-
carrying implant”(Branemark 1960)
• Fibro-osseous integration
-soft tissue(fibres)interposed between the
implant surface & bone
• Biointegration
-implant is covered with bioactive material
like hydroxyapatite
 RATIONALE FOR IMPLANT THERAPY
• Tooth loss related to age
• Anatomic consequences
• Poor performance of RPD
• Predictable long term results of implant-
supported prosthesis
• Eliminating the need to grind healthy tooth
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL IMPLANT
• Based on type of Anchorage
-submucosal
-subperiosteal
-transosteal
-endoosteal
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL IMPLANT
Contd..
• Based on shape&form
Root form-solid cylinderical/tapered
-pin type
-screw type
-basket type
-hollow cylinder
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL IMPLANT
Contd…
Blade form-conventional blade design
-vented blade design
• Based on the surface texture
-surface with pure titanium
-acid-etched surface
-porous beaded surface
-hydroxyapatite coated
 PERI-IMPLANT MUCOSA
• Dense lamina propria covered by stratified
squamous keartinized epithelium
• Implant-epithelium junction is analogous to
the JE
• Epithelial cells attach to the titanium implant
by means of hemidesmosomes&basal lamina
• Sulcus arround implant lined by sulcular
epithelium
 PERI-IMPLANT MUCOSA Contd..
• Depth of sulcus 1.5-2.0mm
• Collagen fibers are nonattached&parallel due
lack of cementum
• Marginal periimplant mucosa contains
significantly more collagen&fewer fibroblasts
• Periodontal ligament absent
• Biologic width(3-4mm)=epithelial
attachment(2mm)+supracrestal CT(1-2mm)
VASCULAR SUPPLY&INFLAMMATION
• Limited due to lack of Pdl
• Capillary loops below JE&SE similar to normal
periodontium
• Inflammatory response similar to periodontal
tissue
 TEETH vs. IMPLANTS
• Lack of Pdl
• Implant can not intrude/migrate
• Proprioception -ce
• C/I in growing individuals
• Overload/parafunctional habits cause
microstrain/microfracture in bone bone loss
TEETH vs. IMPLANTS Contd..
 MCQ-1
• Which of the following shows the difference
between peri-implant and periodontal mucosa
(a)Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
(b)Sulcus lined with sulcular epithelium
(c)Viable bioloigic seal between implant and
epithelial cells
(d)Attachment of collagen fibers
 MCQ-2
• The term which describes the ultrastructural
contact between bone and implant is
(a)Fibrous integration
(b)Osseointegration
(c)Ankylosis
(d)Bonyintegration
 MCQ-3
• The less frequently used dental implant
biomaterial is
(a) Alloys of titanium
(b) aluminum
(c) Vanadium
(d) Platinum
 MCQ-4
• The most widely used dental biomaterial in
implantology is
(a)Gold
(b)Chromium
(c)Nickel
(d)Titanium
 MCQ-5
• Which of the following is responsible to
prevent the attachment of collagen fibers to
the implant surface
(a)Plasma sprayed implant surface
(b)Biocompatibility of implant surface
(c)Absence of cementum on implant surface
(d)Acid etched/ blast implant surface