KLYSTRONS TUBE

Jessa Detomal
Maryjoy Orlina
Ella May Saluria
Klystron Tube
 is a specialized linear-beam vacuum tube
 is a preferred tube for high-power, high-stability
amplification of signals at frequencies from UHF to
about 30 GHz
 it is commonly found in UHF television
transmitters.
History:
 invented in 1937 by American electrical
engineers Russel and Sigurd Varian
at Stanford University. Their prototype was
completed and demonstrated successfully
on August 30, 1937.
 The first prototype klystron, manufactured by
Westinghouse in 1940.
 AT&T used 4 watt klystrons in its brand new network
of microwave links that covered the US continent. The
network provided long distance telephone service and
also carried television signals for the major TV
networks.
Uses of Klystron tubes:
 Klystrons produce microwave power far in excess of that
developed by solid state.
 Klystrons can be found at work in radar, satellite and
wideband high-power communication (very common in
television broadcasting and satellite terminals), medicine
(radiation oncology), and high-energy physics (particle
accelerators and experimental reactors).
 Using a klystron to convert the hydrocarbons in
everyday materials, automotive waste, coal, oil shale,
and oil sands into natural gas and diesel fuel.
Two different type of Klystron:
1. Reflex Klystron
- A small tube use as an oscillator
- The electron beam passes through a single
resonant cavity
Two different type of Klystron:

2. Multi-cavity klystron
- The number of cavities
exceeds two
- A larger number of cavities
may be used to increase the
gain of the klystron, or to
increase the bandwidth
Principle of Klystron Tube

#1 The electron gun produces a flow of electrons. A hot

filament releases electrons that are attracted to the
anode.
Principle of Klystron Tube

#2 The bunching cavities regulate the speed of the electrons so

that they arrive in bunches at the output cavity. A set of grids
that oscillate back and forth between positive and negative
charges at the frequency of the feedback from the output cavity
or catcher grid.
Principle of Klystron Tube

#3 The bunches of electrons excite microwaves in the output cavity of the

klystron. Grids that are connected to a LC circuit with a natural frequency
that is equal to the microwave frequency desired. This circuit is driven by the
bunches that feedback to the bunching cavities and generate the microwave
signal.
Principle of Klystron Tube

#4 The microwaves flow into the waveguide which transports

them to the accelerator.
Principle of Klystron Tube

#5 The electrons are absorbed in the beam stop. This anode

generates the acceleration of the electrons from the filament.
How Klystron tubes work?
Reference:

Roy Blake. Electronic Communication 2nd Edition. Niagara

College of Applied Arts & Technology Welland, Ontario,
Canada
http://www.innovateus.net/science/what-klystron-tube
http://mainland.cctt.org/istf2008/generators.asp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klystron#Multicavity_klystron
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsBTl3tO5-8