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Denotation and Connotation
Denotation and Connotation
Denotation and Connotation
| ± the primary meaning of a lexical item, involving its
relationship to the non-linguistic entities which it represents.
-|
@ @ @
@
-|
@ @
@
@
@
³a striga´;
u
³cantec de leagan´;
c@ck ³a ^se) sparge´ ^dar ³a crapa´).
X Ñ @
@@ @
@ @
Simple word ^@ ), compound word, metaphor, simile, metonymy, synecdoche
and some other figures of speech evoke one or more attributes of the referent.
with its metaphorized and attested sense of ³prora´, ³bot ^de corabie)´
evokes the prominence, the front placement and the sharpness of the nose.
B Synchronic evocation
. Semantic dominant
2. Metasense
. Vhe Dominant of the grammatical sense
. Echo-Words
Y Y
!
w |
'
!
'
-
! "
'
"
!
'
.)
#
.
X n ÷ @@¶s poem, ³w
,´ two
neighbours walk along a wall of loose stones
that separates their properties.
X ms they walk they pick up and replace stones
a
$
that have fallen out of the wall but Frost thinks
it¶s unnecessary to repair the wall since they
%&
have no animals that could harm one another's
%
properties.
X His neighbours respond in the last line of the
'
poem saying ³¢
c
mk
(
u@.´
'
)
X Vhe wall in this poem has both a
a
meaning and a
meaning.
X Vhe wall is both a u@ ^
) as
*
well as a @@@
that prevents Frost from
* getting to know his neighbours and prevents
any communication or involvement with one
another ^
).
!
by Christopher Brennan
muum
@
@
u
X Vhrough good and evil report in the varying fortune of that struggle which Don
José had characterized in the phrase, ´the fate of national honesty trembles in
the balance´, the Gould Concession, ´mperium in mperio´, had gone on
working; the square mountain had gone on pouring its treasure down the
wooden shoots to the unresting batteries of stamps; the lights of San Vomé had
twinkled night after night upon the great, limitless shadow of the Campo; every
three months the silver escort had gone down to the sea as if neither the war
nor its consequences could ever effect the ancient ?ccidental State secluded
beyond its high barrier of the Cordillera. mll the fighting took place on the other
side of that mighty wall of serrated peaks lorded over by the white dome of
Higuerota and as yet unbreached by the railway, of which only the first part, the
easy Campo part from Sulaco to the vie Valley at the foot of the pass, had been
laid. Neither did the telegraph line cross the mountains yet; its poles, like slender
beacons on the plain, penetrated into the forest fringe of the foothills cut by the
deep avenue of the track; and its wire ended abruptly in the construction camp
at a white deal table supporting a Morse apparatus, in a long hut of planks with
a corrugated iron roof overshadowed by gigantic cedar trees - the quarters of
the engineers in charge of the advance section.
X Cu zile mai bune sau mai rele in soarta variabila a luptei pe care Don
José o caracterizase prin fraza ´soarta probitatii nationale oscileaza in
balanta´, concesiunea Gould, acest ´mperium in imperio´, isi
continuase opera din muntele patrat continuasera sa curga comori in
scocurile de lemn spre neobositele baterii de maiuri; luminile de la San
Vomé licarisera noapte de noapte peste vastul, netarmuritul intuneric de
pe Campo; la fiecare trei luni escorta argintului coborase la mare, ca si
cum nici razboiul nici consecintele lui n-ar fi putut vreodata sa atinga
fostul Stat ?ccidental izolat dupa inalta bariera a Cordilierei. Voate
luptele au avut loc dincolo de maiestusoul zid dantelat de culmi peste
care domnea cupola imaculata a Higuerotei, inca nestrapuns de calea
ferata, pentru ca nu fusese asezata decat prima parte, partea mai
usoara, de pe Campo, de la Sulaco pana la Valea vie, la poalele
trecatorii. Nici linia de telegraf nu strabatuse inca muntii; stalpii ei, ca
niste faruri zvelte pe intinsul campiei, patrundeau pana la liziera padurii
de la poalele muntilor, in care se taiase o fasie larga pentru linia ferata,
si firul se oprea brusc la cantonamentul santierului, la o masa mica de
lemn nevopsit pe care era un aparat Morse, intr-o lunga baraca de
scanduri cu acoperis de tabla ondulata dominata de niste cedri uriasi -
cartierul general al inginerului care conducea primul tronson.
X RED ± a primary colour, or any of a spread of colours at the lower end of the visible
spectrum varying in hue from that of blood to pale rose or pink.
@c@
@
@
m
X m @ @ ^or scarlet day in academia) is any day of special significance;
holidays ^days printed in red on calendars Sundays, Christmas Day, Easter) etc.
@u
@ m
u@
@ @! @
@
m
a
@
@
m
$
@
u@
@
c
@
u
%
@
@ @!
$
u
u@
@
c
%
uu
X Vo
@ means to celebrate flamboyantly and publicly, especially to go
on a wild spree, usually involving multiple bars, restaurants and clubs plus copious
quantities of alcohol. #
@ is, by definition, a group activity,
requiring at least two people.
w@
@
@
@ @
u@
X ÷
@ @ $@% ± to welcome and entertain in a grand and impressive
style.
m @
@
@@ "
@
u
c
m
@
X ÷ @ ± a carpet laid down for important visitors
$
mk m @
X ÷ ± a warning signal; something that demands attention or provokes an irritated reaction;
red flag as a warning of danger or a problem
@
k
@"
u
@
m
c u$
@ u
m
@
X ÷ ± excessive formality and routine required before official action can be taken;
bureaucratic procedures that delay progress
&u
@c
'uck
u
cu
u
@
X Red ± a communist or socialist
]@
@
@
c
-@
c
m
@ c
uc
@
@
@@
c mmu
c
@
c
@
X ÷ à@ ± an international organization that cares for the wounded, sick, and homeless in
wartime, according to the terms of the Geneva Convention of , and now also during and
following natural disasters.
@
X
@
mc
!
.
/ @
@
c u@
^of the colour yellow; having a yellow-brown skin
colour; - offensive being a person of msian origin)
X "'
X
( a film that shows a lot of sexual activity.
X !
@
c
c
"%
X " ) ( ^ndecent) vulgar
X
@
&
m
u
X m dress blue uniform, especially that of the U.S. mrmy.
X ¢
X @ ( someone loyal and faithful
X
( unexpected ^could be positive or negative)
X " @
( first rate, top prize
X " ( person of noble birth, royalty
X "
( well-read or scholarly woman
X " ( register of socially prominent people
X
" ^capitalized) ± popular style of music sometimes characterized by melancholy melodies and
words
X " ( Blue eyes ^also see Bad blue words)
X "
X
( feeling sad or depressed
X "
( feelings of depression
X
^not capitalized) ± depression, state of sadness
X " ( feeling sad
X " ( post-partum depression
X a
( bemoaning one¶s circumstances
X " ( laws originally intended to enforce certain moral standards
X " ( profanity
X " ( puritanical individual
X
( entering the unknown or escape to parts unknown
X
( unexpected ^could be positive or negative)
X @ @± jealousy
X Vhe phrase was used by, and possibly coined by, Shakespeare to denote
jealousy, in
w@c
0c
X #@
º
X
@
@
X m
uu
u
@ -m@c
@
X m
u@
@
@ !
u
1
X ]
m @
c
X
mu@
@
c
c
X
muc
mk
X 2 @
@
u@
X n 1
3@
X
u
uc
@
X ¢@
a novice
X
@
X @ ( a place or system for selling goods illegally, as in
violation of rationing.
X ]&@&
u@
um
@
m
# m
m
c u@
u
c
m
c @@u
ck
X
( a member of a family or group regarded as not so
respectable or successful as the rest.
X
&
m
X
( running a business profitably
X ac
cm
m@
c m
@
&%
X " ( a day when something sad or disastrous happens.
X a
@mm@
&!
@
c
X
( mn often trivial, diplomatic or well-intentioned
untruth
X Y@