INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
 LESSON 1:INTRODUCTION TO ICT

• Information and communication have

always been vital aspects to the
development of society.
• The invention of writing change all
these.
 •1445 is the invention of the
printing press followed by the
Industrial Revolution, ushered in
dramatic changes on how
information would be created,
produced, and transmitted.
• In 1875 by Alexander Graham Bell(1847-
1922) the invention of telephone has
been created.
• After World War II the development of
television and its rise as a regular
household fixture, and global connectivity
ushered by the Internet in the 1990’s
 INTERNET
• Is the most expansive and phenomenal
technology because it can integrate the
various ways of obtaining information
and transmitting communication.
• However, the Internet is just one of the
many platforms of what we call now ICT.
 ICT
• ICT consist of computers,
communication equipment,
and all the allied services and
facilities associated with
these.
•It is also covers all the device
for computing and networking
computers including software,
applications, and operating
systems.
 SCOPE OF ICT IN
FOLLOWING SUB-AREAS
•Information technology- the
set of tools equipment,
process, manipulate,
transmit, and distribute
electronic data of information.
 • Telecommunication
technologies- the set of tool,
equipment, processes and protocols
surrounding the transmission and
reception of audio, data or
communication using
electromagnetic signals.
•It is also include information
transmitting and receiving
technologies such as
telephones(wire and
wireless), satellite, microwave
communications, fiber optics,
and the internet.
• Networking technologies –the set
of tools, equipment, processes,
and protocols surrounding the
networking of computing devices
or computer system to exchange
information and share resources.
COMPONENTS OF
ICT
DATA
 • Is the plural of datum-a latin word that means
“something given”
• In ICT, data is the general term given to all raw
materials that are received, processed sometimes
manipulated, stored in a system unit, and finally
displayed by an output devices.
INFORMATION
 •This is the output when raw data
undergoes processing.
•The Data is conveyed through the phone
system, stored briefly, and then delivered
as words to the other end of the time.
HARDWARE
 •These are the physical and tangible components of a system, to
include all the following: modems, computers, and other technical
components, cables, fiber optics, satellite dishers, portable devices
such as cellphone and tablets and all electronic, and electrical parts
needed to run the system.
SOFTWARE
 •These are the intangible components of the
computer consisting of commands, written in
various programming languages. They are design to
make a computer perform its functions.
PROCEDURES
•These are the ways by which the tasks are to be done. It is
usually directed by the software or the system involved and
also include how data will be collected, how it will be
processed, and how the system will function to suit the user’s
goals.
PEOPLE
•These are the individuals that create and design
both hardware and software as well as determine
the procedures and monitor compliance.
 •Basic education
Information System
 Feedback
information, new
ideas, expertise and
consumer feedback

Output
Input
end product,
materials,
consumer
components, labor,
satisfaction and
research and
employee
development
satisfaction

Processing
production lines,
assembly lines,
management and
skills
 LESSON 2:
HISTORY OF ICT
DEVELOPMENT
 Eastasia, were known to have
used a technique called woodblock
printing wherein the printer would
carve drawings and characters
into a flat block of wood, inked the
wood, then transfer the images by
pressing them into a surface of
cloth or parchment.
In 10000s, Bi Sheng invented
the movable type technology
where each character is carve
or cast in hardened clay.
 • In 1377, a Korean monk named
Baegun invented a metal movable
type technology to produced a book
title Jikiji, which contains Buddhist
text collected from various monks
and teachers.
 In Europe during the medieval
period only the clergy had access to
books. Latin was language of
scholars, but the great maturity of
masses in Europe did not speak it
so the roads to knowledge and
information were closed to them.
 •All these changed when
Johaness Gotten Burge (1398-
1468), a goldsmith by
profession, demonstrated the
possibilities of movable type
technology.
• He combined tin, lead, and antimony
so that it can melt at low
temperature, making it more pliant
for moulding. The mirror image of
each letter was carved on a small
metal block. The letter blocks are
then moved to form and print the
words needed.
•By 1452, Gutenberg begann
working on the two-volume
Gutenberg bible using this
technology and completed it
in 1455.
• In 16th century, some 2500 European
cities have already acquired the
technology. Most notable was the
Venetian printer Aldus
Manutius(1449-1515) who set u the
Aldine Press in Venice in 1495.
 •The rise of printing presses
fueled the growth of publishing.
For the first time, the masses
were able to afford books.
 •Printing stimulated the
production of ideas and the
dissemination of information
which, in turn, propelled the
advancement of science and
technology and the arts and
humanities.
 •Printing encouraged the rise of
literacy by giving the masses the
desire to know how to read and
write- a skill that was once
denied to them and made
available only to the clegy’s.
•Washington post columnist Robert J.
Samuelson captured the vast
changes that ushered in a result of
the invention of printing.
•“Gutenberg’s press led to mass
literacy, fostered the Protestant
Reformation and through easy
exchange of information, enabled
the scientific revolution.”
 •Industrial Revolution
(1750-1850)
•Brougth unprecedented
developments in agriculture,
transportation,
manufacturing, and
 •The American newspaper
Baltimore Sun became one of
the early users of this high-speed
machine. It was also during this
time that the first “pictorial”
weekly newspapers emerged,
featuring photographs and
illustrations of event alongside
 ELECTRIC
COMMUNICATION
 •The rise of electronic
communications took off from the
invention of the telegraph in1839
by Samuel Morse(1791-1872).
•The electrical telegraph system
transmitted information via
electric cables laid over actions.
•Radio broadcasting emerge from
this technology. After the invention
of the Morse Code, an Italian
scientist named Guglielmo
Marconi(1874-1937) became
interested in sending free
messages using electric waves or
 •In the eve of Christmas 1906,
Canadian-born inventor
Reginald Fessenden (1866-1932)
surprised ships traveling
through the Antarctic Ocean
when he broadcasted not just
dash and dashes but music
 •RADIOTELEPHONY- (1907)
•American inventor Lee De
Forest(1873-1961) invented and
patented the vacuum tube that
could take weak electrical
signals and amplify it into a
lager one, making
 •Invention tube, the electronic
television was developed using
the cathode-ray oscilloscope
technology developed by German
scientist Karl Braun (1850-1918)
in 1897.
 •Two decades later, Russian
scientist Vladimir Zworykin
(1889-1918) invented an
improved cathode ray tube called
the kinescope. American scientist
Philo Farnsworth (1906-1971)
developed the television
 •Meanwhile, Hungarian-born
inventor Louis Parker in turn
invented the modern television
receiver responsible for
synchronizing the picture and
audio transmission of a unit.
 •World War II, television became
even more popular and production
of programs increased. In the
United States, television networks
expanded and consolidated their
capital to usher in golden age of
television that saw the rise of
many entertainment genres,
notably drama and comedy.
• In the Philippines, television was
introduced in 1946 after James
Lindenberg began assembling
transmitters for the Bolinao
Electronics Corporation.
• The first commercial telecast came
in 1953 when Antonio Quirino, the
brother of the incumbert president
Elpidio, took out resources from
Lindenberg’s project to open DZAQ-
TV derived from his initials.
• Television sets had to be imported
mostly from the US. In 1956,
ownership for DZAQ-TV was
transferred to the Lopezes and
renamed Chronicle Broadcasting
System, the forerunner of today’s
broadcast giant, the ABS-CBN
corporation
 FROM
ANALOG TO
DIGITAL
•In 1943, the first electronic
computer was created .
•Like the television sets and
vacuum tube technology.
•In 1970’s, the micro-processors
was invented by Ted Hoff(1937-)
together with his colleagues from
Silicon Valley. Microprocessors are
the heart of every computer in
the same way that the engine is
the heart of vehicle.
 •It is a computational engine
packed on a single integrated
circuit and carrying all the
computing functions of a
computer, such as accepting data
as input, processing according to
instructions stored in the
memory, and providing the
•By 19990, the internet had already
taken over the APRANET( Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network).

•The Internet derived by abbreviating

the word “inter-network” because
that is exactly what it is, a network
of computers spread across the
•The expanse of the Internet’s use
grows dramatically each passing
year, one of these functions are:
Access a huge archive of information
from an infinite number of websites
around the world that make up the
World Wide Web;
Send and receive e-mail messages;
Hold video meetings and
Attend seminars through
web-organized events called
webinars;
Share video clips and
photographs;
Engage in online business
and transactions;
Watch movies from video
streaming websites;
 Catch up on television
programs;
Gather educational resources
through open learning system
Obtain a vocational certificate
of even a college degree using
the facilities of online and
distance education; and
Meet new friends and connect
with old ones using social media
platforms.
 ANALOG
VERSUS
DIGITAL
TECHNOLOG
Y
•Analog technologies combine
sound and light waves in the
transmission process
•Digital technologies compress
the data into zeroes and
ones, which are called binary.
 HISTORY OF
COMPUTERS:
FROM SYMBOLIC
WRITING TO
MICROPROCESSOR
S
 •The mechanical age dawned with
the creation of the abacus in
Mesopotamia around 2400 BCE. The
abacus with string is the most
commonly illustrated representation
of this counting device,; however, its
origins remain unknown. China
would remain an important node in
the development and spread of
THE GLOBAL
VILLAGE
INFORMATION AGE