Major Components of A Multi Cylinder Engine

Connecting rod
Geometry of Connecting Rod
Beam Cross-Section for connecting rod

H-Beam
I-Beam
 Load Modeling Equations
• Connecting rod load modeling considers
• the static force applied by the piston which results from the com
bustion pressure, and
• the dynamic load due to the linear oscillation of the piston mass.
• Oscillating inertial force of the conrod is neglected in first approx
imation.
Loading equation: Compressive Force

The compressive force aligned to conrod

axis:

pmax Apiston
Fcomp 
cos 
Loading equation: Tensile Force

The tensile force aligned to conrod axis

Ftraction  m piston spiston

s   a cos   l 2  a 2 sin 2 

 Loading equation: Bending Force

• Force due to inertia of the connecting rod or inertia bending fo

rces.
• Consider a connecting rod PC and a crank OC rotating with u
niform angular velocity ω rad / s.
• Draw the Klien’s acceleration diagram to find the acceleration
of various points on the connecting rod.

The inertia force acting on each point will

be as follows:
Inertia force at C = m × ω2 × CO
Intertia force at D = m × ω2 × dO
Intertia force at E = m × ω2 × eO, and so
on.
 Inertia Bending Forces

• The perpendicular (or transverse) components produces bending acti

on (also called whipping action) and the stress induced in the connec
ting rod is called whipping stress.
• Resultant inertia force: m
FI   2r
2
2 FI l
Maximum bending moment M max 
9 3
 Design of Connecting rod

• In designing a connecting rod, the following dimensions are re

quired to be determined :
• Dimensions of cross-section of the connecting rod,
• Dimensions of the crankpin at the big end and the piston pin at
the small end,
• Size of bolts for securing the big end cap, and
• Thickness of the big end cap.
 cross-section of the connecting rod

• The connecting rod is considered like both ends hinged f

or buckling about X-axis
• and both ends fixed for buckling about Y-axis.
• A connecting rod should be equally strong in buckling ab
out both the axes.
• Use Rankine’s formula
 Bending Loads

• Buckling Load about X-axis:

• Buckling Load about Y-axis:

A = Cross-sectional area of the connecting rod,

l = Length of the connecting rod,
σc = Compressive yield stress,
Ixx and Iyy = Moment of inertia of the section about X-axis and Y-axis
respectively, and
kxx and kyy = Radius of gyration of the section about X-axis and Y-axis
respectively.