This document discusses soap and detergents. It describes how soaps are graded based on their total fatty matter content and categories of soap. It also discusses the soap making process which involves mixing fats and catalysts in a hydrolyzer where a reaction occurs between water and organic compounds to produce fatty acids and glycerin. Finally, it provides an overview of the detergent making process in India.
This document discusses soap and detergents. It describes how soaps are graded based on their total fatty matter content and categories of soap. It also discusses the soap making process which involves mixing fats and catalysts in a hydrolyzer where a reaction occurs between water and organic compounds to produce fatty acids and glycerin. Finally, it provides an overview of the detergent making process in India.
This document discusses soap and detergents. It describes how soaps are graded based on their total fatty matter content and categories of soap. It also discusses the soap making process which involves mixing fats and catalysts in a hydrolyzer where a reaction occurs between water and organic compounds to produce fatty acids and glycerin. Finally, it provides an overview of the detergent making process in India.
• Soaps has been graded in terms of total fatty matter.
• Soap may be categorized as toilet soaps or bathing soap or specialty soap like baby( comparatively of high purity), transparent( soap with high glycerine content), herbal and antibacterial soap.
• Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) has categorized on
the basis of total fatty matter(TFM): Grade I ( Minimum 76%), Grade II(minimum 70%), Grade III(minimum 60%), bathing bar (minimum TFM 40%). Soft soap are made by using potassium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide. (a) Hydrolyser
• The fat and catalyst are mixed together and enter the hydrolyser. • Hot water is added here
• Intimate mixing is required for the water oil immiscible phase.
• Water has 10 – 15% solubility in oil and fats.
• Temperature is maintained at 230°C - 250°C and pressure at 40 –
45 atm for reaction between water and organic compound.
• The fatty acids stream is produced as top product while glycerin
stream is produced as bottom product . INDIAN OVERVEIW • The alkylbenzene is introduced continuously into sulfonator with the requisite amount of oleum. The temperature should be maintained about 55C. • The mixture is then pumped to the sulfonator (should also operate arroun50-55C) Neutralization • The sulfonated –sulfated product is neutralized with NaOH solution under controlled temperature to maintain fluidity of the surfactant slurry. The surfactant slurry is conducted to storage. • The mixture is pumped to an upper section where it is sprayed under high pressure into the 24m high spray tower, counter to hot air from the furnace.
• Dried granules of acceptable shape and size and suitable
density are formed.
• The dried granules are transferred to a upper section by an
air life which cools them from 115C and stabilize the granules. They are then separated in a cyclone , screened, perfumed and packed.