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Logic Formulation
Logic Formulation
Formulation
What is Logic Formulation?
The process of coming out with the basic
steps to implement a procedure in computer
programming. This is usually resorted to
when having top-down design. Flowcharts
and pseudo codes are the two of most
common output of the exercise.
http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071110191353AABc
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What is Logic Formulation? ….
- Nilo M. Padre
Basic Control Structures
(logical constructs that specify how
instructions in a program are to be
executed)
Sequence
Selection
Repetition
Unconditional Jump
Sequence
Instructionsare designed to be
executed (performed by the computer)
in the order they are written (i.e., one
after another). This control structure
provides the building block for computer
programs. It is used to show a single
action or one action followed in order
(sequentially) by another. Actions can
be inputs, processes, or outputs.
Example
F
Selection Structure ...
Double Selection
F T
Selection Structure ...
Multiple Selection
T
F
T
F
T
F
Repetition (looping or iteration)
The program repeats the same
instructions over and over. It is used
when a set of actions is to be
performed repeatedly.
Example
F
Repetition Structure ...
For Structure
F
Repetition Structure ...
Do/While Structure
F
Unconditional Branch
Theprogram jumps from one place to
another. Structured programming
forbids this structure.
Program Development Life Cycle
A part of SDLC’s implementation phase and
provides an organized plan for breaking
down the task of program development into
manageable chunks, each of which must be
successfully completed before moving on to
the next phase.
An outline of each of the steps used to build
software applications.
1. Analyze: Define the problem.
Be sure you understand what the
program should do.
What the output should be – that is,
exactly what the task should produce.
Identify the data, or input, necessary to
obtain the desired output.
Determine how to process the input to
obtain the desired output – that is,
determine what formulas or ways of doing
things can be used to obtain the output.
2. Design: Plan the solution to the
problem.
Develop the algorithm (a logical
sequence of precise steps that solve the
problem). Every detail, including
obvious steps, should appear in the
algorithm.
Translate the algorithm into a logic plan
using any of the popular methods –
flowcharts, pseudocode, top-down charts.
These design tools help the programmer
break a problem into a sequence of small
tasks the computer can perform to solve the
problem. Planning also involves using
representative data to test the logic of the
algorithm by hand to ensure that it is correct.
3. Choose the interface: Select the objects
(text boxes, command buttons etc.)
Determine how the input will be obtained
and how the output will be displayed. Then
create objects to receive the input and
display the output. Also, create appropriate
command buttons and menus to allow the
user to control the program.
Card File
Computer Program
Display
Multidocument
Manual Input
Preparation
Manual Operation
Some Application Flowcharting Symbols…
Punched Tape
Collate
Sort
Extract
Some Application Flowcharting Symbols…
Merge
Magnetic Disk
For Two-Dimensional
type array_name[rows][columns];
For Three-Dimensional
type array_name[pages][rows][columns];
Examples
double Department[7];
Department[0]
Department[1]
Department[2]
Department[3]
Department[4]
Department[5]
Department[6]
char Sign[25];
type-specifier array_name[sizeN]…[size1] = {
value-list }
Examples
Int num[7] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
char str[8]=“Laughter”;
Char str[8]={‘L’,’a’,’u’,’g’,’h’,’t’,’e’,’r’}
int sqrs[7][2]= {
1,1,
2,4,
3,9,
4,16,
5,25,
6,36,
7,49
};
Unsized-Array Initialization
char err1[12]=“read error\n”;
char err2[13]=“write error\n”;
char err3[18]=“cannot open file\n”;