RENEWABLE ELECTRICAL

ENERGY GENERATION USING

THE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
OF SPRING

S. THENAMUTHAN
AMIRUL HAIKAL
ANDI KHAIRUL ANUAR
OUR INITIAL DESIGN
OUR FINAL DESIGN
ABSTRACT

• There are lots of ways to generate

electricity.
• Fundamentally, electrical energy is
generated by converting potential energy
to kinetic energy.
• Our research aims to develop e method of
generating electricity using elastic
potential energy
INTRODUCTION (RENEWABLE ENERGY)

• Renewable energy is a type of energy that

can be reused.
• As time goes on, the usage of renewable
energy increases.
• Supply of non-renewable energy such as
petroleum and coal decreases.
• Demand of renewable energy becomes
higher, mainly for enviromental causes.
INTRODUCTION (POTENTIAL ENERGY)

• Potential energy is the energy stored in an

object due to its position relative to other
objects, stresses in it, electrical charge, or
others.
• Types of potential energy are gravitational
potential, elastic potential, electrical
potential, etc.
INTRODUCTION (SIMPLE HARMONIC
MOTION)

• Repetitive moment back and forth through

an equilibrium.
• Maximum displacement on one side is
equal to the maximum displacement of the
other side.
• The time interval of one complete period is
the same.
• Force used for the motion is always faced
towards the equilibrium position and it is
directly proportional.
INTRODUCTION (ELECTRICAL
GENERATION)

• Process of generating electric power from

variety sources and method
• Fossil fuel contributes 62.7%, renewable
energy only 17.1%.
PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Find a new way to generate electrical

energy from transformation of elastic
potential energy to kinetic energy as a
mean of creating new method to generate
renewable energy.
• Electricity generation from elastic potential
energy is a rarely being studied.
• Reduction of carbon emission.
OBJECTIVE

• To find a new way to generate renewable

electrical energy
• To cut costs of generation of electrical
energy
• To utilize surrounding phenomenon for the
good of mankind.
LITERATURE REVIEW

• Groba, Breitschopf, Impact of Renewable

Energy Policy and Use on Innovation
- Increase of usage of renewable energy
significantly brings positive change to the
environment and profitable.
• Te, Farhat, Oh, Gravitational Potential
Phone Charger
- Invention of a phone charger using
gravitational potential, using modification
of gears.
HYPOTHESIS

• Electricity is generated by simple harmonic

motion of the spring.
• When the pendulum goes down, we are
expected that one of the dynamo would
generate electricity.
• The same thing with the other dynamo
when the pendulum goes up.
METHODOLOGY

• 1) 2 retort stands are placed on the table while

the other two are placed down the table.
• 2) A metal rod is placed between the retort
stands which is on the table.
• 3) 2 springs are connected in series and it is
attached to the center of the metal rod using a
string
• 4) The 2 dynamos are placed in each of the
retort stands which were placed under the table.
Circular gears are attached.
METHODOLOGY

• 5) The 4 rack gear are glued together to make

sure it is 2-sided and longer.
• 6) Plastic cardboard are cut and glued on the
rack gear to avoid the dynamo gear from going
out of the track.
• 7) The rack gears are later glued to the
pendulum. The pendulum is later hooked to the
spring.
• 8) The retort stands under the table are adjusted
to fit the dynamo gears with the rack gears.Oil is
applied to reduce friction.
METHODOLOGY
• 9) Crodocile clips are are connected from one of the
dynamos to the galvanometer, to test the presence of
current.
• 10) A 100g weight is placed in the pendulum. The
pendulum is pulled down and released. The reading in
the galvanometer is observed.
• 11) The process is repeated with weights of 150g, 200g,
250g, 300g. Observation is made.
• 12) The process is later repeated using the LED, and
voltmeter to measure the voltage
• 13) Step 9) - 11) are repeated using 2 dynamoes.
Observations are made
• 14) Based on the observation, a table is made and a
graph is plotted.
RESULT (SINGLE DYNAMO)

VOLTAGE [PER OSCILLATION] (V)

MASS (g)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

100 1.5 0 0 0 0

150 3.0 2.0 0.5 0 0

200 4.0 3.0 1.5 0 0

250 4.5 2.5 1.0 0 0

300 5.0 4.0 2.5 1.0 0

- The LED blinks. It slowly becomes dimmer.

- The galvanometer deflects to the negative and

positive side
RESULT (DOUBLE DYNAMO)

VOLTAGE [PER OSCILLATION] (V)

MASS (g)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

100 0.5 0 0 0 0

150 1 0.3 0 0 0

200 1.2 0.7 0.2 0 0

250 2 1.6 1 0.3 0

300 3 2.5 1.5 0.4 0

- LED continuosly lit up, and it slowsly gets dimmer

- The galvanometer deflects more to the positive side

DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (PHASE ONE)

• There were several difficulities

• The string easily bends when the spring
relaxes, causing zero movement to the
rack gear.
• Copper wire was used as alternative but
disturbs the orientation of the setup.
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (PHASE
TWO)
• For the phase two setup, we did not used
string. Instead we glued everything to and
made it into a single system
• Pendulum is glued to the rack gear and
hooked to the spring.
• For single dynamo experiment, a
dampened version of sine wave-like graph
is produced
• This is due to the oscillation of the spring,
it alternatingly creates a positive and
negative potential.
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (PHASE
TWO)
• For the double dynamo experiment, it has
almost a constant current flow.
• The voltage peaks at the first oscillation and
slowly decreases.
• But the voltage produced is low compared to
single dynamo experiment.
• This is due to the opposing rotation of the
opposite dynamo.
• Nevertheless, the energy used to oscillates the
pendulum is high enough to overcome it, aided
by the resistance of the wire, therefore
significantly reduce the voltage in the opposing
dynamo.
CONCLUSION

• Our research was a success!

• From the concept of simple harmonic
motion and transfer of kinetic energy and
potential energy, electrical energy can be
generated.
• Both single and double dynamo
experiment will have different usage and
function
• This research can be further improved in
future, by making more complex circuits or
doing in a small scale.
REFERENCES
• Felix Groba; Barbara Breitschopf, “Impact of Renewable
Energy Policy and Use on Innovation: A Literature
Review”, 1920
• Ellabban, Omar; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Blaabjerg, Frede,
"Renewable energy resources: Current status, future
prospects and their enabling technology". Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014
• “Use of U.S. Wind and biofuels on the rise”,
www.eia.gov, 2014
• https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-
1/Potential-Energy
• Landau, L.D.; Lifshitz, E. M., “Theory of Elasticity (3rd
ed.)”, 1986