‫‪Lecture No.

: 4‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الرابعة‬

‫‪1‬‬
Remember
Modeling of Structures ‫نمذجة المنشآت‬
Single Story Structure

Single Degree of Freedom

Structure SDOF
2
Remember
Modeling of Structures ‫نمذجة المنشآت‬
Two Stories Structure

Multi Degree of Freedom

Structure
3 MDOF
Remember
Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F

4
Remember
Equation Of Motion of SDOF
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Calculation of structure parameters
Calculation of structure mass
Weight
m=
g

5
Remember
Equation Of Motion of SDOF
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Calculation of structure parameters
Calculation of structure stiffness
d=1

B C

A D
6
Remember
Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Damping (C)

C≈0 C>0
Undamped Damped
Structure Structure
7
Remember
Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Force (F)

F=0 F≠0
Free vibration Forced
motion motion
8
Remember

Free vibration motion :

Undamped Structure

Damped Structure

Forced motion :
Undamped Structure
Damped Structure
9
Remember
Free vibration motion of
Undamped Structure
Equation Of Motion
m x+k x = 0
..
2
 vo 
x = x  
2
 Sin (n t  )
 n 
o

v= xon  2
 v Cos (n t  )
2
o
k x o n
n2 = tan  =
10
m vo
Remember
2
 vo 
x = x  
2
 Sin (n t  )
 n 
o

Amplitude Frequency Shift

2
 vo 
xmax = x  
2

 n  xon
o

x o n 
tan  = vo
11
vo
Remember
Free vibration motion of
damped Structure
Equation Of Motion
m x+c x+k x = 0
.. .

Underdamped system <1

  n t
x=e Sin ( D t  )
xo D
2
 v o   n x o 
 = x  
2
 tan  =
o
 D  v o   n xo
k
 2=  D = n 1   2
12 n m
Remember
  n t
v =  n e Sin ( D t    1 )
1  2
tan 1 =

For Free vibration test of Damped Structure
 xi  1  x1 
d = ln   Or d = ln
x 
 i 1 
x j  j1 
d2
=
4 2  d2

Or approximately d
=
13
2
 Forced
vibration
motion
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 Forces

Ideal Force General Force

Sinusoidal

15
 Ideal Force
Sinusoidal
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 Forced
vibration
motion of
UnDamped
Structure
17
 ..
m x+k x = F
F≠0 F = Fo sin ex t
Second order nonhomogeneous
differential equation

x = x h + xp
x = xhomogeneous + xparticular

18
 m x  k x = Fo Sin(ex t )
xh = c1 Cos(n t )  c2 Sin(n t )
To find particular solution
Assume x = c 3 Sin(ex t )
x =  exc 3 Sin(ex t )
2

 m  c Sin (ex t )  k c 3 Sin (ex t ) = Fo Sin (ex t )

2
ex 3
(k  m ex ) c 3 Sin (ex t ) = Fo Sin (ex t )
2

Fo
c3 =
19 k  m ex 2
Particular solution
Fo
x = c 3 Sin(ex t ) c3 =
k  m ex
2

Fo
x= Sin(ex t )
k  m ex2

Fo 1
x= Sin(ex t )
k m ex2
1
k
Fo 1
x= Sin(ex t )
k 1  ex n  2

20
Particular solution
Fo 1
x= Sin(ex t )
k 1  ex n 2

Fo 1
xp = Sin(ex t )
k 1  ex n  2

xh = c1 Cos(n t )  c2 Sin(n t )
x = c1 Cos(n t )  c 2 Sin(n t ) transient

Fo 1
 Sin(ex t ) Steady
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k 1  ex n 2 state
 m x  k x = Fo Sin(ex t )
 v o Fo ex n 
x = x o Cos(n t )    2
Sin (n t )
 n k 1  ex n  
Fo 1
 Sin (ex t )
k 1  ex n  2

For zero initial conditions

xo=0 & vo=0
Fo 1  ex 
x=  Sin(ex t ) 
2 
Sin(n t ) 
k 1  ex n   n 
22
Example 7 :
The shown frame is subjected to initial displacement
10 cm at the floor level and subjected to horizontal
force as 15 sin (10 t) ton . Calculate the displacement
and velocity after 4 seconds.

w = 5.555 t/m
EI = 3600 t/m2
B 2I C

6 I I
A D
18

23
From example 1
K = 250 t/m n = 5 rad/sec
xo=0.1 m vo = 0 Fo = 15 ex = 10 rad/sec
 v o Fo ex n 
x = x o Cos(n t )    2
Sin (n t )
 n k 1  ex n  
Fo 1
 Sin (ex t )
k 1  ex n  2

 15 10 5 
x = 0.1 Cos(5 t )  0  2
Sin (5 t )
 250 1  10 5 
15 1
 Sin (10 t )
24 250 1  10 5 2
  15 10 5 
x = 0.1 Cos(5 t )  0  2
Sin (5 t )
 250 1  10 5 
15 1
 Sin (10 t )
250 1  10 5 2

x = 0.1 Cos(5 t )  0.04 Sin(5 t )  0.02 Sin(10 t )

xt = 4 = 0.1 Cos(5x4)  0.04 Sin(5x4)  0.02 Sin(10x4)
xt =4 = 0.0624 m
v = 0.5 Sin(5 t )  0.2 Cos(5 t )  0.2 Cos(10 t )
v t =4 = 0.5 Sin(5x4)  0.2 Cos(5x4)  0.2 Cos(10x4)
v t = 4 = 0.2415 m / sec

25
For zero initial conditions
Fo 1  ex 
x=  Sin(ex t ) 
2 
Sin(n t ) 
k 1  ex n   n 

xst
1
1  ex n 
2

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 1
1  ex n 
2

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Frequency ratio ex n
 ex < n

1
0
1  ex n 
2

F & x have the same sign

F & x in the same direction
Displacement in phase with the applied force
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 ex > n

1
0
1  ex n 
2

F & x have the opposing sign

F & x in the opposite direction
Displacement out of phase with the applied force
29
 ex = n Resonance ‫الرنين‬
Fo 1  ex 
x=  Sin(ex t ) 
2 
Sin(n t ) 
k 1  ex n   n 
First solution :

Another form for xp

xp = c 3 t Cos(ex t )
Fo
xp =  n t Cos(n t )
k
30
 Fo
xp =  n t Cos(n t )
k
x=
1 Fo
n t Cos(n t )  Sin(n t )
2 k

31
 ex = n Resonance ‫الرنين‬
Fo 1  ex 
x=  Sin(ex t ) 
2 
Sin(n t ) 
k 1  ex n   n 
Second solution :
Differentiate denominator &
nominator with respect to ex

x=
1 Fo
n t Cos(n t )  Sin(n t )
2 k

32
 x=
1 Fo
n t Cos(n t )  Sin(n t )
x/xst 2 k

33
t /Tn
 xmax/xst

34
ex /n
 Forced
vibration
motion of
Damped
Structure
35
 Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
F≠0
Second order nonhomogeneous
differential equation

x = x h + xp
x = xhomogeneous + xparticular
36
 m x  c x  k x = Fo Sin(ex t )

xh = e   n t
c1 Cos (D t )  c 2 Sin (D t )

37
 m x  c x  k x = Fo Sin(ex t )
Particular solution
x = c 3 Sin(ex t )  c4 Cos(ex t )
1  ex n 
2
Fo
c3 =
 ex n 
k 1    2 2  2  (  )2
ex n

Fo  2  (ex n )
c4 =
 ex n 
k 1    2 2  2  (  )2
ex n

38
 m x  c x  k x = Fo Sin(ex t )
transient
x=e   n t
c1 Cos (D t )  c2 Sin (D t )
 c 3 Sin(ex t )  c4 Cos(ex t ) Steady
state

39
 Total response
Steady state response

40
 ex = n Resonance ‫الرنين‬
xmax/xst

41
ex /n
42
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48
 Summary

49
Summary
Free vibration motion of
Damped Structure
Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F

50
Summary
Free vibration motion of
Damped Structure
  n t
x=e Sin ( D t  )
2
 v o   n x o 
 = x  
2

D
o
 
xo D
tan  =
v o   n xo
 D = n 1   2

51
Summary
Free vibration motion of
Damped Structure

  n t
v =  n e Sin ( D t    1 )

1  2
tan 1 =


52
Summary
For Free vibration test of
Damped Structure
 xi  1  x1 
d = ln   Or d = ln
 x i 1  j  x j1 

d 2
=
4 2  d2

Or approximately
d
=
2
53
 Questions
54