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Reported Speech, Passive Voice, and Tenses
Reported Speech, Passive Voice, and Tenses
Reported Speech, Passive Voice, and Tenses
BY:
RADITA PUTRI PRATAMA
(23030180113)
REPORTED SPEECH
Reported speech is used to repeat what someone had previously said. Reported speech is a change from
direct sentence to indirect sentence.
How to change direct sentence into indirect sentence:
1. Change the subject’s perspective
e.g. Nina said, “I am very happy.” (Direct) → Nina said that she was very happy. (Indirect)
2. Look the tenses
If the tenses are past tense (not present tense) then there must be a change in tenses.
BACKSHIFT REPORTED SPEECH
Notes :
Direct Sentence Indirect Sentence 1. If the sentence a
Present Tense ↔ Past Tense statement = add the word
‘THAT’ after the predicate
Present Continuous Tense ↔ Past Continuous Tense
2. If the sentence a 5W+1H
Past Tense ↔ Past Perfect Tense Question = add ‘5W+1H + S
Past Continuous Tense ↔ Past Perfect Continuous + P’ after predicate
Future Tense ↔ Past Future 3. If the sentence a Yes/No
Question = add
Present Perfect Tense ↔ Past Perfect Tense
‘If/Whether + S +P’ after
Past Perfect Tense ↔ Past Perfect Tense predicate
3. Change the adverb of time 4. If the sentence an
imperative verb = add the
•Now → then/ at the time -Tommorow → the next day
word ‘To V1’ after
• Today → that day -Next week → the following week
predicate
•Yesterday → the day before -Last week → the previous week
PASSIVE VOICE
Passive Voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a
sentence rather than subject. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes
the subject of the sentence. Kata Kunci TO BE:
PRESENT = is/am/are
TENSES ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE PAST = was/were
Simple Present S + V1 (s/es) S + is/am/are + V3 CONTINUOUS= Being
Present Continuos S + is/am/are + Ving S + is/am/are + being + V3 PERFECT = Been
Present Perfect S + has/have + V3 S + has/have + been + V3 MODAL = Be
Present Perfect Continuos S + has/have + been + Ving S +has/have +been + being+ V3
Simple Past S + V2 S + was/ were + V3
Example:
Past Continuos S + was/were + Ving S + was/were + being + V3 •My mother will make a cake
Past Perfect S + had + V3 S + had + been + V3 for me (Active)
Past Perfect Continuos S + had + been + Ving S + had + been + being + V3 •A cake will be made by my
Simple Future S + will + V1 S + will + be + V3 mother for me (Passive)
•The company didn’t publish
Future Continuos S + will + be + Ving S + will + be + being + V3
the book (Active)
Future Perfect S + will + have + V3 S + will + have + been + V3
•The book was not published
Future Perfect Continuos S + will + have + been + Ving S +will +have+been+ being + V3 by the company (Passive)
Simple Past Future S + would + V1 S + would + be + V3 •My father is repairing the
Modal S + modal + V1 S + modal + be + V3 door (Active)
•The door is being repaired by
my father (Passive)
PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used for actions in a time which is happening now.
1. SIMPLE PRESENT
Example :
(+) S + Verb 1 (s/es) + O -He rides bicycle every
(-) S + do/does+ not + V1+ O KEYWORDS : morning
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O -Usually -Every -My father does not
-Often -Sometimes sleep in the bedroom
-Seldom -Never
-Always -Generally
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Example :
(+) S + is/am/are + Ving + O -He is riding bicycle right
(-) S + is/am/are+ not + Ving now
(?) Is/am/are + S + Ving + O KEYWORDS : -My father is not
-Now sleeping in the bedroom
-At present
-Right Now
-At this moment
PAST TENSE
Past Tense is used to talk about a completed action or things that happened in a
time before now.
Example :
1. SIMPLE PAST
KEYWORDS : -Fina watched a movie
-Yesterday last night
(+) S + Verb 2 + O -Last -Bobby did not listen his
(-) S + did + not + Verb 1 + O -Adverb of time in the teacher’s advice
(?) Did + S + Verb 1 + O past (on 12th July 2000)
2. PAST CONTINUOUS