HIV/AIDS 101


What YOU should know.
Objectives

● Equip you with the basic knowledge about HIV and AIDS;
● Encourage you to put into practice the appropriate
preventive measures from HIV infection;
● Inspire you to take on and promote a healthy lifestyle.
 GOALS

If you’re negative: If you’re positive:
Remain aware, Remain aware,
uninfected, and healthy,
healthy. and productive.
Number of newly diagnosed
HIV cases per day

2008: 1
2010: 4
2012: 9
2014: 17
2015: 22
2017: 30
 HIV/AIDS Statistics
as of Dec 2015…

 Reported Modes of Transmission:
 Males: MSM 81%, male-female 14%, needle sharing 4%
 Females: male-female sex 91%, needle sharing 4%
 Mother to child: 78 children, 6 adolescents
 Blood transfusion: 20 people
 99% of IDUs from Central Visayas
 Almost half of all MSM cases from NCR
 48% of females who engage in transactional sex are from
Central Luzon
Types of Infection

● HIV/AIDS begins with an infection
● The infection is caused by a virus (not a
bacteria)
● Attacks the immune system
● May be transmitted sexually
● Has prolonged asymptomatic period
What is the difference?
HIV
HUMAN – the virus can only
ACQUIRED - The infection may
infect human beings
IMMUNODEFICIENCY - The
effect of the virus is to create
a deficiency (a failure to
work properly) within the
body’s immune system
VIRUS - This organism is a
retro virus, which means it
can reproduce itself by taking
over the machinery of the
human cell
AIDS
be transmitted from one
person to another
IMMUNE - The immune system
is compromised
DEFICIENCY - The body can
no longer fight off infections;
individual may suffer from
two or more opportunistic
infections
SYNDROME - A person
experiences a collection of
symptoms which could be
fatal
From HIV Infection to AIDS
6 months

“window period” Exposure to HIV

Approx. 2 to 10 years
HIV AIDS
Infection ASYMPTOMATIC

From
6 months
to… ?
Death due to AIDS complications
Remember these numbers!


3 4 4 5
3 Modes of Transmission

• Unprotected, penetrative sex
⁻ Penis-to-anus, penis-to-vagina, penis-to-mouth
⁻ Most common but not easily transmitted

• Blood and blood products

⁻ Blood transfusion, organ transplant
⁻ Sharing needles in injecting drug use
⁻ Most efficient transmission

• Mother-to-child (Parent-to-child)
⁻ During pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding
⁻ Least efficient transmission
4 Body Fluids

• Blood

• Semen

• Vaginal fluids

• Breast milk
4 Requisites for HIV Infection

● EXIT - the means by which the virus leaves
the body of an infected person
● SUFFICIENCY - the amount of virus
transmitted
● SURVIVE - the ability of the virus to
survive in a new environment
● ENTRY - to another body.
5 Means of HIV Prevention

A – Abstain from sex.
B – Be faithful to your partner faithful.
C – Correct and consistent use of
condom.
D – Do not use illegal drugs or share
needles.
E – Educate yourself and Early
detection
Preventing HIV Transmission
Thru Blood & Blood Products

● Blood safety programs
● Universal precautions
● Harm reduction program
Preventing HIV Transmission from
HIV-Positive Mother to Baby

HIV-positive women can still give birth
to HIV-negative babies if they follow
certain precautions:
● Take ARVs during pregnancy
● Deliver the baby thru caesarian operation
● Use infant formula instead of breast milk
How to know if a person
has HIV?

● HIV Anti-Body Testing - A person’s HIV status
can only be determined through HIV antibody
testing
● Access to HIV Screening
● Voluntary counseling & testing (VCT) –
individuals willing to undergo testing
● Provider-initiated counseling & testing
(PICT) – a situation where doctors encourage
patients to undergo testing
HIV Testing (Flow Chart)
Pre-test counseling (Social Hygiene Clinics)

Screening Test (Social Hygiene Clinics)

HIV antibody detection: HIV antigen Test

Confirmatory Test (SACCL –STD Aids Cooperative Center Laboratory)

- Western Blot or Immunoblot

Post-test counseling (Social Hygiene Clinics)

Treatment Hubs (for treatment and care for positive cases)

Social Hygiene Clinics


Albay Province
● Tabaco City Health Office
● Legazpi City Health Office
● Daraga Rural health Unit
Camarines Sur Province
● Naga City Health Office
Camarines Norte Province
● Daet Rural Health Unit
Sorsogon Province
● Sorsogon City Health Office
● Matnog Rural health Unit
Services Offered in SHCs

● Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Treatment
● Free HIV Counseling & Testing at Social Hygiene
Clinics
● Laboratory Services-Grams Stain, KOH, RPR, Wet
Mount, HIV
● Free Condoms
Treatment Hubs – Region V

● Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital
- Legazpi City
● Bicol Medical Center
- Naga City
 Republic Act 8504


Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
R.A. 8504
Article IRR CONTENTS
Rule 1 Title and Application
Art. I Rule 2 Education and Information
Art. II Rule 3 Safe Practices and Procedures
Art. III Rule 4 Testing, Screening and Counseling
Art. IV Rule 5 Health and Support Services
Art.V Rule 6 Monitoring
Art.VI Rule 7 Confidentiality
Art.VII Rule 8 Discriminatory Acts and Policies
Art.VIII Rule 9 The Philippine National AIDS Council
Art. IX Rule 10 Miscellaneous Provisions
Article I

Who needs to know about HIV and AIDS?
● Parents, students, teachers and school officials
● Health practitioners, health workers and personnel
● Clients of health practitioners, health workers and personnel,
whether in-patient or out-patient
● Employers and their employees, whether in the private or
government sector
● Filipinos going abroad
● Tourists and transients
● Communities
● Those with relatively higher risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV
Article I

What information must be disseminated and
learned?
● Definition of HIV and AIDS
● Causes and Modes of Transmission
● Consequences of Infection
● Means of Prevention
Article II

What are the safe practices?
● Universal precautions should be practiced for surgery,
dental work, embalming, tattooing, etc.
● Donated blood, tissue and organs should be tested for
HIV.
Article III

Testing and Screening
● Compulsory HIV testing is NOT allowed under R.A. 8504.
● Counseling should be given before and after the test.

Who should receive the test results?

• The person who was tested
• The parent or legal guardian of a minor who was tested
• The legal guardian of an insane person
• Person authorized to receive results for National AIDS Registry
• Justice of Court of Appeals or Supreme Court in cases falling under
Sec. 17 of R.A. 8504
Article IV

Services
● Hospital-Based
● Community-Based
● Livelihood Programs and Trainings
● Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
● Insurance for Persons with HIV
Article V

Why do we have to monitor?
● Determine magnitude and progression of HIV and AIDS
● Evaluate adequacy and efficacy of countermeasures

How do we monitor?
● Institutionalizing the National AIDS Registry
● Reporting of all cases in hospitals, clinics, laboratories and accredited
testing centers
● Ensure the anonymity of those who are tested
Article VI

Confidentiality
● Strict observance of confidentiality is required in handling
medical information, identity and status of persons with HIV.

Violating Confidentiality
● Imprisonment six months to four years
● Administrative sanctions such as fines and possible suspension or
revocation of professional license
Article VII

Discriminatory Acts and Policies
Persons living with HIV cannot be denied access to:
•Employment and livelihood
•Admission in schools
•Travel and habitation
•Elective and appointive office
•Credit and insurance
•Health care
•Decent burial services
Article VIII

The Philippine National AIDS Council
● The Council shall be the central advisory, planning and policy making
body for the comprehensive and integrated HIV/AIDS prevention
and control program in the Philippines.
PNAC Members
•Secretary, DOH (Chair)
•Secretary, DepEd
 •President, League of Provinces
•President, League of Cities
•Chairperson, CHED •Chair, Senate Cmte. on Health
•Director-General, TESDA •Chair, House Cmte. on Health
•Secretary, DOLE •Two representatives from
•Secretary, DSWD organizations of medical/health
professionals
•Secretary, DILG
•Six representatives from NGOs
•Secretary, DOJ
involved in prevention and control
•Director-General, NEDA efforts
•Secretary, DOT •Representative of organization of
•Secretary, DBM persons with HIV/AIDS
•Secretary, DFA
•Head, PIA
SOCIAL HYGIENE CLINICS
PROVINCE COORDINATOR CONTACT NO./EMAIL AD
LEGAZPI CHO LORELIE 09162626173/shc_Legazpi2015@rocketmail.com
BALLESTEROS
TABACO CHO DR.MARISSA 09198372390
SAGUINSIN/ 09178688473/chutabaco4511@gmail.com
BABETTE BURCE
DARAGA RHU MA.HENRIETTA 09103406442
BONAL
SORSOGON ROSANA JORDAN 09297723068/v-jjordan@yahoo.com
CHO
MATNOG RHU MA.LUISA DAUIS 09168603003/rhumatnog@gmail.com
DAET RHU MARIA ANDREA 09177937371/meanneapuya@yahoo.com
APUYA
NAGA CHO GRACE 09279759103
GUEVARRA/MARIA 09477095625/cesunaga_020613@yahoo.com
CORAZON ONZA
TREATMENT HUB (HACT)
HOSPITAL NAME CONTACT NO//EMAIL AD

BRTTH DR ANN LYNDA 09177935692

BELLEN/ 09178607491/jhel_0618@yahoo.com
ANJELA PLATON

BMC DR MARIA MEDEN 09989564643/09175591569

CORTERO Mednpcortero_md@yahoo.com
Don't Live or Walk in the Dark.

STOP THE SPREAD!

BEHAVE.
BE INFORMED.
LIVE FREE
From AIDS !