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Data Protection: RAID: Section 1: Storage System
Data Protection: RAID: Section 1: Storage System
Data Protection: RAID: Section 1: Storage System
Chapter 3
Physical
Array
Logical
Array
RAID
Controller
Hard Disks
Host
RAID Array
o Software
o Runs as part of the operating system
o Performance is dependent on CPU workload
o Does not support all RAID levels
Strip
Stripe
Stripe 1
Stripe 2
Strips
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
RAID 0
o Data is distributed across the HDDs in the RAID set.
o Allows multiple data to be read or written simultaneously, and
therefore improves performance.
o Does not provide data protection and availability in the event
of disk failures.
1
5
9
RAID 2
Controller 6
10
3
Host 7
11
RAID
Block 0
1 Block 0
1
Controller
Host
RAID 1
Block 0
Block 2
RAID RAID 0
Block 0
3
2
1
Controller
Block 1
Host Block 3
RAID 1
Block 0 Block 0
Block 2 Block 2
RAID RAID 0
Controller
Block 1 Block 1
RAID 0
Block 1
Block 3
RAID RAID 1
Block 2
0
Controller
Block 1
Host Block 3
RAID 0
Block 0 Block 1
Block 2 Block 3
RAID RAID 1
Controller
Block 0 Block 1
0 4
1
6 5
9
RAID 1
?
Controller
3
Host 7 7
11
The middle drive fails:
Parity calculation 4 + 6 + 1 + 7 = 18 0123
4 + 6 + ? + 7 = 18 4 518
67
? = 18 – 4 – 6 – 7
?=1 Parity Disk
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
RAID 3 and RAID 4
o Stripes data for high performance and uses parity for improved
fault tolerance.
o One drive is dedicated for parity information.
o If a drive files, data can be reconstructed using data in the
parity drive.
o For RAID 3, data read / write is done across the entire stripe.
o Provide good bandwidth for large sequential data access such as video
streaming.
Block 0
3
2
1 RAID0
Block
Controller
Block
Parity1
Generated
Block 2
Host
Block 3
P0123
Block 0
Block 4
Block 1
Block 5
Parity
RAID4 Block 2
Block 0
4 Block 0
Generated
Controller Block 6
P4
0516
273
Block 3
Host
P4567
P0123
Block 7
Good
Slower than a single
Good disk, as every write must
1 2 50 High Better than a single disk be committed to two
disks
1+0
and 4 50 High Very good Good
0+1
P0 D1 D2 D3 D4
o Parity Vs Mirroring
o Reading, calculating and writing parity segment introduces penalty to every write operation
o Parity RAID penalty manifests due to slower cache flushes
o Increased load in writes can cause contention and can cause slower read response times
Additional Task
Discuss impact of sequential &
Random I/O in different RAID
Configuration
RAID
Controller