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AE 51 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer For Agricultural Engineering Basic Concepts
AE 51 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer For Agricultural Engineering Basic Concepts
AE 51 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer For Agricultural Engineering Basic Concepts
Chapter 1
BASIC CONCEPTS
AGRICULTURAL POWER
WATER CYCLE POWERED BY THE HEAT FROM THE SUN HEAT MANAGEMENT IN A GREENHOUSE
IMPORTANCE OF DIMENSIONS AND THEIR
UNITS
• Dimensions
• Primary/Fundamental
• Secondary/Derived
• Units of Dimensions
• English
• SI
DIMENSIONS AND CORRESPONDING UNITS
Dimension Sample SI units Sample English units
1. 5 km = __ meters 7. 11 lbf = __ kg
2. 5 km = __ feet 8. 6 kgf = __ N
3. 5 km = __ miles 9. 10 kN = __ lbm-ft/s2
4. 25 kg = __ grams 10. 1.1 atm = __ kPa
5. 25 kg = __ lbm 11. 1.1 atm = __ psi
6. 7.5 slugs = __ kg 12. 7.5 slugs = __ kg
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM
• System
• Region/space/matter to be studied
• Surroundings
• Region/matter outside the system
• Boundary
• Imaginary surface that separates the
system from the surroundings
• Can be fixed or movable
• Types of system
• Open
• Closed
• Isolated
Closed system (control mass)
• mass cannot cross the boundary but energy can
• Fixed mass
Uniform process
• no change in location
Temperature • Temperature scales
• measure of “hotness” or “coldness” • Celsius
• Fahrenheit
• Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
• Kelvin
• if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium • lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale
with a third body, they are also in thermal is absolute zero, or 0 K
equilibrium with each other • T(K) = T(oC) + 273.15
• serves as a basis for the validity of • Rankine
• T(R) = T(oF) + 459.67
temperature measurement
• triple point of water (the state
at which all three phases of water
coexist in equilibrium) is 273.16 K
Pressure
• Units in kPa, psi, atm or mmHg
• can be measured using a manometer
• atmospheric pressure can measured using barometer
What is gage pressure, atmospheric pressure
and absolute pressure?
Pressure varies with depth
z2
Δz = z2 – z1