X-RAYS

USG
CT SCAN
MRI

MEDICAL IMAGING
X-RAYS
PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS
 X-rays are produced when fast
moving electrons are rapidly
decelerate.
 As the electrons slow down, their kinetic
energi is transformed to photons

 The x-rays used in medical applications

are usually describe as soft x-rays. Their
energi usually less than the energi of 𝛾
rays
X-RAYS
Diagram of x-rays tube
 Cathode – the heated filament act as
cathode (-) from which electrons are
emitted

 anode – the rotating

anode (+) is made of
hard metal sucs as
tungsten.
 Only a small fraction, about 1% of
kinetic energy of the electron is
converted to X-rays. Most of the
incident energy is transferred to the
anode, which become hot
X-RAYS
X-ray spectrum
Each spectrum has two components :

 Braking radiation/ continious spectrum

 Characteristic radiation/ line spectrum
X-RAYS
Energy E by electron
The energy E gained by electron when it is
accelerated thorough a potential difference V
between the cathode and anode

E is the maximum energy that an X-ray photon can

have, and the maximum X-ray frequency fmax can
be produced
X-RAYS
Controlling intensity and hardness
To increase the intensity, the current in the tube
must be increased. Greater current means more
electron per second and more X-ray photon per
second

The hardness of X-rays beam can be increased by

increasing the voltage accros the X-ray Tube,
thereby producing X-rays of higher energies

Another method is tu use a filter which absorb the

lower energy soft X-rays so that the average energy
of X-rays is higher