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PCI 6th Edition - Headed Concrete Anchors (HCA)
PCI 6th Edition - Headed Concrete Anchors (HCA)
PCI 6th Edition - Headed Concrete Anchors (HCA)
• Research Background
• Steel Capacity
• Concrete Tension Capacity
• Tension Example
• Concrete Shear Capacity
• Shear Example
• Interaction Example
Background for
Headed Concrete Anchor Design
Appendix D, Commentary
• Designed to resist
– Tension
– Shear
– Interaction of the two
• The design equations are applicable to studs
which are welded to steel plates or other
structural members and embedded in
unconfined concrete
HCA Design Principles
• Table 6.5.1.2
• Page 6-12
Steel Capacity
Where
f = steel strength reduction factor
= 0.65 (shear)
= 0.75 (tension)
Vs = nominal shear strength steel capacity
Ns = nominal tensile strength steel capacity
n = number of headed studs in group
Ase = nominal area of the headed stud shank
fut = ultimate tensile strength of the stud steel
Material Properties
• Edges
– de1, de2, de3, de4
• Stud Layout
– x1, x2, …
– y1, y2, …
– X, Y
• Critical Dimensions
– BED, SED
Concrete Tension Failure Modes
fNcb: Breakout
fTn = Minimum of fNph: Pullout
fNsb: Side-Face blowout
Concrete Breakout Strength
Where:
Ccrb = Cracked concrete factor, 1 uncracked, 0.8 Cracked
AN = Projected surface area for a stud or group
Yed,N =Modification for edge distance
Cbs = Breakout strength coefficient
f 'c
Cbs 3.33
hef
Effective Embedment Depth
• Based on 35o
• AN - calculated, or
empirical equations
are provided in the
PCI handbook
• Critical edge
distance is 1.5hef
No Edge Distance Restrictions
ANo 2 1.5 hef 2 1.5 hef 9 hef 2
Side Edge Distance, Single Stud
de2< 1.5hef
Where:
e′N = eccentricity of the tensile force relative
to the center of the stud group
e′N ≤ s/2
Pullout Strength
Where
Abrg = bearing area of the stud head
= area of the head – area of the shank
Ccrp = cracking coefficient (pullout)
= 1.0 uncracked
= 0.7 cracked
Side-Face Blowout Strength
Where
Nsb = Nominal side-face blowout strength
de1 = Distance to closest edge
Abrg = Bearing area of head
Side-Face Blowout Strength
de2
1
de1
4
Where:
de2
1 3
de1
Side-Face Blowout
so
Nsbg 1 Nsb
6 de1
Where
so = spacing of the outer anchors along the
edge in the group
Nsb = nominal side-face blowout strength for
a single anchor previously defined
Example: Stud Group Tension
Given:
A flush-mounted base plate with four headed studs
embedded in a corner of a 24 in. thick foundation slab
(4) ¾ in. f headed studs welded to ½ in thick plate
Nominal stud length = 8 in
f′c = 4000 psi (normal weight concrete)
fy = 60,000 psi
Example: Stud Group Tension
Problem:
Determine the design
tension strength of the
stud group
Solution Steps
hef L t pl t ns 1
8
8 1 3 1
2 8 8
8in hef L t pl t hs 1 "
8
8 " 1 " 3 " 1 "
2 8 8
8"
Step 2 – Check for Edge Effect
de,min
ed,N 0.7 0.3 1.0
1.5 hef
4in.
.7 0.3
1.5 8in
0.8
Step 3 – Breakout Strength
f 'c 4000
Cbs 3.33 3.33 74.5lbs
hef 8
fNs f n A se fut
0.75(4)(0.44)(65)
85.8kips
Step 5 – Tension Capacity
Use 2 - #6 L-bar
around stud group.
These bars should
extend ld past the
breakout surface.
Concrete Shear Strength
SED
3.0
BED
Corner Edge Shear Strength, Modified Vc3
SED
0.2 3.0
BED
Side Edge Shear Strength, Vc1
SED
0.2
BED
Front Edge Shear Strength
Where
Vco3 = Concrete breakout strength, single anchor
Cx3 =X spacing coefficient
Ch3 = Member thickness coefficient
Cev3 = Eccentric shear force coefficient
Cvcr = Member cracking coefficient
Single Anchor Strength
1.33
Vco3 16.5 f 'c BED
Where:
λ = lightweight concrete factor
BED = distance from back row of studs to
front edge
de3 y de3 Y
X Spacing factor
X
C x3 0.85 nstudsback
3 BED
Where:
X = Overall, out-to-out dimension of
outermost
studs in back row of anchorage
nstuds-back= Number of studs in back row
Thickness Factor
h
Ch3 0.75 for h 1.75 BED
BED
Ch3 1 for h > 1.75 BED
Where:
h = Member thickness
Eccentricity Factor
1 X
C ev3 1.0 when e 'v
e' 2
1 0.67 v
BED
Where
e′v = Eccentricity of shear force on a group of
anchors
Cracked Concrete Factor
Uncracked concrete
Cvcr = 1.0
Where:
Ch3 = Member thickness coefficient
Cev3 = Eccentric shear coefficient
Cvcr = Member cracking coefficient
Cc3 = Corner influence coefficient
Corner factor
SED
C c3 0.7
3 1.0
BED
Where:
Vco1 = nominal concrete breakout strength for a
single stud
CX1 = X spacing coefficient
CY1 = Y spacing coefficient
Cev1 = Eccentric shear coefficient
Single Anchor Strength
d
1.33 0.75
Vco 87 f 'c de1 o
Where:
de1 = Distance from side stud to side edge (in.)
do = Stud diameter (in.)
X Spacing Factor
nx x
C x1 2 nsides
2.5 de1
C x1 1.0 when x = 0
Where:
nx = Number of X-rows
x = Individual X-row spacing (in.)
nsides =Number of edges or sides that influence
the X direction
X Spacing Factor
Cx1 = nx
Y Spacing Factor
Y
0.25
n y
C Y1 0.15 ny for ny 1
0.6 de1
Where:
ny = Number of Y-rows
Y = Out-to-out Y-row spacing (in) = Sy (in)
Eccentricity Factor
e v1
C ev1 1.0 1.0
4 de1
Where:
ev1 = Eccentricity form shear load to
anchorage centroid
Back Edge Shear Strength
Where:
Vcp = nominal pry-out shear strength (lbs)
y y
y for 20
4 do d
Front Edge Failure Example
Given:
Plate with headed studs as shown, placed in a position
where cracking is unlikely. The 8 in. thick panel has a
28-day concrete strength of 5000 psi. The plate is
loaded with an
eccentricity of
1 ½ in from the
centerline. The
panel has #5
confinement bars.
Example
Problem:
Determine the design shear strength of
the stud group.
Solution Steps
SED
3
BED
48 4
3.25
12 4
Not a Corner Condition
Step 2 – Calculate Steel Capacity
fVns = f·ns·An·fut
= 0.65(4)(0.20)(65) = 33.8 kips
Step 3 – Front Edge Shear Strength
16.5 1
5000 12 4
1.33
1000
47.0kips
Step 4 – Shear Capacity Coefficient
X
Cx3 0.85 nstudsback
3 BED
4
0.85 0.93
3 16
0.93
Step 4 – Shear Capacity Coefficient
C vcr 1.0
• #5 Perimeter Steel
f 0.75
Step 5 – Shear Design Strength
fVcs = f·Vco3·Cx3·Ch3·Cev3·Cvcr
= 0.75(47.0)(0.93)(0.53)(0.94)(1.0)
= 16.3 kips
Interaction
• Trilinear Solution
• Unity curve with a 5/3 exponent
Interaction Curves
Combined Loading Example
Given:
A ½ in thick plate with
headed studs for
attachment of a steel
bracket to a column as
shown at the right
Problem:
Determine if the studs
are adequate for the
connection
Example Parameters
• Determine net
Tension on Tension
Stud Group
• Determine net Shear
on Shear Stud
Group
Vu
Vu e Vu
Nhu Nu 2
dc
25
4
25 6
2
10 12.5kips
19.0kips
Step 2 – Concrete Tension Capacity
fNcb
0.75 381.24 104.8 0.898
26.9kips
1000
Step 2 – Steel Tension Capacity
fNs f n A se fut
fNs
0.75 4 0.2 65
39.0kips
1000
Step 2 – Governing Tension
fNn 26.9kips
Step 3 – Concrete Shear Capacity
Y
0.25
2 3
0.25
n y
C Y1 0.15 0.15 0.58
0.6 de1 0.6 6
C ev1 1.0
C vcr 1.0
fVc1 0.75 43.7 2 0.58 11 38.0kips
Step 3 – Steel Shear Capacity
fVs f n A se fut
fVs
0.65 4 0.2 65
33.8kips
1000
Step 3 – Governing Shear
fVn 33.8kips
Step 4 – Interaction
12.5 0.2 33.8
12.5 6.76 - Interaction Required
If Nhu 0.2 fNn Interaction is not Required
19 0.2 26.9
19 5.38 - Interaction Required
Step 4 – Interaction
Nhu Vu
19.0 12.5
0.71 0.37 1.08 1.2
fNn fVn 26.9 33.8
OR
5 5
N 3 v 3
0.37
5 5
hu
u 0.71 3 3
0.75 1.0
fNn fVn
Questions?