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Optimization Using TEMS Investigation
Optimization Using TEMS Investigation
TEMS Investigation
1800 is the priority layer i.e. for Cell Re-Selection and
Handovers
C1 = (A - Max(B,0))
where,
A = <receive level average> - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
= RLA_P - RXLEVAMI
B = MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P
= MSTXPMAXCH - P
The calculation result determines the priority of these cells within the list of the six
strongest neighbour cells which is dynamically managed in the MS in idle mode.
(A) C1 > 0 (If C1 has been < 0 for a period of 5 s the path to
the cell is regarded as lost).
(b) If C1 of the non-serving cell is higher than C1 of the serving cell for a period of 5
s then the MS performs a cell reselection
Exception: If the current cell and the new cell belong to different location areas the
new cell shall only be selected if the path loss criterion C1 on the new cell exceeds
C1 on the old serving cell by at least CELLRESH for a period of 5 seconds. This
mechanism is used to avoid unnecessary location update procedures
CRESPARI
Cell reselection parameter indicator
Indicates the presence of C2 cell reselection parameters
CRESOFF
Cell reselection offset
It applies an offset to the cell reselection criterion C2
Equation B: C2 = C1 + CRESOFF
On expiry of the timer the temporary offset is disregarded and thus - if the C2 of a
non-serving cell still exceeds the one of the serving cell for a period of 5 s the MS
performs a cell reselection
For 1800 CRESOFF=10; FOR 900: CRESOFF=0
Exception:
If the current cell and the new cell belong to different location areas the new cell shall
only be selected if the C2 of the new cell exceeds C2 of the old serving cell
by at least the cell reselect hysteresis (see parameter CELLRESH) for a period of 5
seconds. This mechanism is used to avoid unnecessary location update procedures.
Prepared by Mirza Baig
Handover Parameter Setting
Parameter Unit Default Urban Highway Name Definition
G9=15(-95 dBm),
G9=12(-98 dBm),
G18=25(-85 dBm)
G18=20(-90 dBm) The minimum received signal level
Source cell is G9
Rxlevel minimum the adjacent cell must provide to
RXLEVMIN 1dB 12(-98dBm)
(Dedicated Mode) be regarded as a suitable target
G9=15(-95 dBm),
G9=12(-98 dBm), cell for handover.
G18=20(-90 dBm)
G18=15(-95 dBm)
Source cell is G18
Where:
PBGT(n) = RXLEV_NCELL(n) - (RXLEV_DL + PWR_C_D) + Min (MS_TXPWR_MAX, P) - Min
(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n), P)
HO_MARGIN(n) = HOM (CREATE ADJC) = handover margin of the neighbour cell (n) in [dB]
HO lower
13(-97 dBm) G900, 10(-100 dBm) G900, defines the receive signal level threshold on the
HOLTHLVDL 1 dB 10(-100 dBm) threshold level
15 (-95 dBm) G1800 15 (-95 dBm) G1800 downlink for inter-cell level handover decision.
downlink
HO lower
10(- 100 dBm) G900, 10(- 100 dBm) G900, defines the receive signal level threshold on the
HOLTHLVUL 1 dB 8(-102 dBm) threshold level
12(-98 dBm)g1800 12(-98 dBm)g1800 uplink for inter-cell level handover decision.
uplink
HO lower
threshold defines the receive signal quality threshold on the
HOLTHQUDL 5 5
quality downlink for inter-cell quality handover decision.
downlink
HO lower
defines the receive signal quality threshold on the
HOLTHQUUL 5 5 threshold
uplink for inter-cell quality handover decision.
quality uplink
Handover
the threshold for the maximum permitted distance
threshold MS
HOTMSRM 1km 34 34 between MS and the BTS in 1km step size which
range
is used for intercell handover due to distance.
maximum
Antenna System:
1- Sector Swap (Rx / Tx Line)
2- Loose or Open Connector Connection at BTS/Line/Antenna Port
Troubleshooting: Drive Test; Path Loss/Path Balance (Up/Dl Losses) [RF Loopback]
BTS Cabinet:
1- Faulty Radio/TS (Drop Calls/Handover Failure)
2- Other Hardware like Coupling System, Band Pass Filter
Troubleshooting: Drive Test; Path Loss/Path Balance (Up/Dl Losses) [RF Loopback]
DATABASE Related:
RF Related:
ii-Shrinking the interfering cell, for example by lowing it’s output power or
tilting the antennas of that particular cell
iii- Activating DL DTX on the Traffic Channels
Adjacent Channel interference is always originates from other carriers than the one
mobile is transmitting on.
The Full values are based upon all frames on the SACCH multiframe,
whether they have been transmitted from the base station or not. This
means that if DTX DL has been used, the Full values will be invalid for that
period since they include Bit Error Measurements at periods where nothing
has been sent resulting in very high BER.
In Total, 100 bursts (i.e. 25 blocks) will be used for the Full values
The Sub Values are based on the mandatory frames on the SACCH multiframe
i.e. frames that always must be transmitted.
Why SQI?
Traditionally, speech quality in GSM networks is measured by means of the RxQual
parameter (which is also available in TEMS Investigation). RxQual, however, suffers
from a number of drawbacks which make it an unreliable indicator of speech quality.
SQI is a more sophisticated measure which is dedicated to reflecting the quality of
the speech (as opposed to radio environment conditions). This means that when
optimizing the speech quality in your network, SQI is the best criterion to use.
Design of SQI:
SQI has been designed to take into consideration all the phenomena
discussed in the preceding section. This ensures that it will produce an
unbiased prediction of the speech quality, independently of channel
conditions and other circumstances. Somewhat roughly, the computation of
SQI involves :
i- The bit error rate (BER)
ii- The frame erasure rate (FER)
iii- Data on handover events
iv- Statistics on the distributions of each of these parameters
The FER value presented in the TEMS is based on the number of blocks that has been
discarded due to error in the CRC, i.e.
FER Full:
The Total number of Blocks on a full rate TCH is 24 TCH + 1 SACCH=25 blocks.
FER SUB (FER Actual)= (No. of blocks with incorrect CRC / 2)*100
Note: The Actual FER Sub values are limited to three values : 0, 50, 100%
Each SACCH multiframe hold 24 TCH frames, therefore, total number of blocks=24
• DTX Downlink Rate is not the measure of the Quality, instead it’s an indication
whether DTX DL is used in the GSM Network.
• If DTX DL Rate is very high for a whole period of time during a call where there
should have been speech, you could suspect a Silent Call problem in the Network.