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Earth Systems 3209: Unit: 5
Earth Systems 3209: Unit: 5
Unit: 5
Earth’s Resources
Reference:
Chapters 21; Appendix A & B
Formation of Petroleum
Focus on . . .
defining petroleum, crude oil, hydrocarbon, and kerogen.
describe how the origin of petroleum is dependent on the
abundance of organic matter and its preservation potential.
1) Organic Matter
The origin of petroleum lies in the organic matter
contained in the tissues of living things.
Microscopic marine animals (zooplankton) and plants
(phytoplankton) are the main sources of organic matter.
Such microscopic species are diatoms, foraminifera,
radiolarian, and benthic algae.
Text Reference:
Page 602-603
1) Organic Matter
The abundance of organic matter is determined by:
1) the amount of light,
2) water depth,
3) latitude,
4) water temperature,
5) water turbidity,
6) the abundance of nutrients preferred by plants
(e.g. phosphates and nitrates).
Questions:
Which geological setting is associated with the formation of oil
reserves?
A) an evaporating sea in an arid climate where evaporate minerals
are forming
B) a tropical sea with plenty of plankton dying and steady
deposition of fine grained sediments
C) a warm swampy region with little vegetation dying which is
buried rapidly
D) a dry environment where desert sands are deposited and buried
deeply