LAYERS

OF
SCALP
SCALP

SOFT TISSUES COVERING THE CRANIAL VAULT

FORM THE SCALP.
 EXTEND OF SCALP

ANTERIORLY- SUPRAORBITAL MARGINS

POSTERIORLY-EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL
PROTUBERANCES AND
SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINES
EACH SIDES-SUPERIOR TEMPORAL LINES
Layers of scalp
1. Skin
2. Superficial fascia [Connective tissue]
3. Deep fascia in the form of Epicranial
Aponeurosis
4. Loose areolar tissue
5. Pericranium
1.SKIN

– THICK AND HAIRY

– IT IS ADHERENT TO THE EPICRANIAL APO NEUROSIS THROUGH THE
DENSE SUPERFICIAL FASCIS AS IN PALMS AND SOLES.
– IT HAS MORE NUMBER OF SWEAT AND SEBACEOUS GLANDS.
 2.SUBCUTANEOUS OR
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
– CONNECTIVE TISSUE
– MORE FIBROUS AN DENSE IN THE CENTRE THAN AT THE PERIPHERY OF
THE HEAD.
– CONTAINS MANY BLOOD VESSELS.
– IT BINDS THE SKIN TO THE SUBADJACENT APONEUROSIS, AND PROVIDES
THE PROPER MEDIUM FOR PASSAGE OF VESSELS AND NERVES TO THE
SKIN.
MUSCLES OF
SCALP
OCCIPITOFRONTALIS MUSCLES

– HAS TWO BELLIES 1. OCCIPITAL OR OCCIPITALIS

– 2. FRONTAL OR FRONTALIS
– BOTH ARE ATTACHED TO THE EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS
– THE OCCIPITAL BELLIES ARE SMALL AND SEPARATE
– EACH ARISES FROM THE LATERAL 2/3RDS OF THE SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE
– SUPPLIED BY POSTERIOR AURICULAR BRANCH OF THE FACIAL NERVE
– FRONTAL BELLIES ARE LONGER, WIDER AND PARTIALLY UNITED IN THE MEDIAL PLANE.
– EACH ARISES FROM THE SKIN OF THE UPPER EYELID AND FOREHEAD, MINGLING WITH THE ORBICULARIS OCULI AND
THE CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII.
– IT IS SUPPLIED BY TEMPORAL BRANCH OF FACIAL NERVE.
– THE MUSCLE RAISES THE EYEBROWS AND CAUSES HORIZONTAL WRINKLES IN THE SKIN.
 TEMPOROPARIETALIS
MUSCLE
– PRESENT ON THE LATERAL SIDE
WHICH ARISES FROM
TEMPORAL FASCIA AND FUSES
WITH EPICRANIAL
APONEUROSIS .
– IT IS SUPPLIED BY TEMPORAL
BRANCH OF FACIAL NERVE
 3.EPICRANIAL
APONEUROSIS
– GALEA APONEUROTICA IS A FREELY MOVABLE ON THE PERICRANIUM ALONG WITH THE OVERLYING
AND ADHERENT SKIN AND FASCIA.
 ANTERIORLY - INSERTION OF FRONTALIS
 POSTERIORLY – INSERTION OF OCCIPITALIS
- ATTACHED TO EXTERNAL OCCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCES
- ATTACHED TO HIGHEST NUCHAL LINES IN BETWEEN THE OCCIPITAL BELLIES

 ON EACH SIDES - ATTACHED TO SUPERIOR TEMPORAL LINE. SENDS DOWN A THIN EXPANSION WHICH
PASSES OVER THE TEMPORAL FASCIA AND IS ATTACHED TO THE ZYGOMATIC ARCH.
 SURGICAL LAYERS OF
SCALP

THE FIRST THREE LAYERS OF SCALP ARE CALLED

THE SURGICAL LAYERS OF SCALP OR SCALP
PROPER.
 4. LOOSE AREOLAR
TISSUE
 ANTERIORLY- EYELIDS
 POSTERIORLY- HIGHEST AND
SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINES
 IT GIVES PASSAGE TO THE VEINS
WHICH CONNECTEXTRACRANIAL
VEINS TO INTRACRANIAL VENOUS
SINUSES.
5. PERICRANIUM
– PERIOSTEUM OF THE SKULL
– LOOSELY ATTACHED TO SURFACE OF BONES, BUT
FIRMLY ADHERENT TO THEIR SUTURES.
– SUTURAL LIGAMENTS BIND THE PERICRANIAL TO THE
ENDOCRANIUM.