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Telephone Network Hierarchy Analog Sounds: ENGR 475 - Telecommunications Harding University Jon White
Telephone Network Hierarchy Analog Sounds: ENGR 475 - Telecommunications Harding University Jon White
Hierarchy
Analog Sounds
Jon White
Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice
Sound Barrier
Telephone Network
• PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network
– World’s public circuit switched voice assemblage.
– Similar to how the Internet is the assemblage of the World’s IP
based packet switched networks
• POTS – Plain Old Telephone Service
– Analog, full duplex, dial tone, subscriber dials
– 2 wires for communication (Tip and Ring)
– Voice travels over a 48 V DC source provided by the Telco.
• Local Loop
– 2 to 25 miles of 19 AWG unshilded twisted pair
• Demarc or point of presence
– Line in the sand
Telephone Network - Demarc
Telephone Network Components
• Terminals
– Phones
• Access
– Phone lines
• Connectivity
– Intelligence to let phones use phone lines to call other
phones
– Switches
– PBX – Private Branch Exchanges
• Other Features
– Call forwarding, re-dial, caller ID, voice mail, protocol
conversion
PBX – Private Branch
Exchange
• Almost every corporation has one.
• Handles internal switching.
– You don’t have to go outside your network when
calling someone in your building.
• Performs other helpful features
– Call forwarding.
– Call holding.
– Caller ID
• http://wandel.ca/homepage/pbx.html
• With VOIP, your computer can do all this in
software.
Telephone Network
• The Telephone Network must implement
areas in Connectivity:
– Provide power to the phone when picked up
– Announce when ringing
• The first signal we’ve talked about
– Address resolution / Call routing
• How is this signal passed? In band or out of band?
When you press a key, what do you hear?
– Provide a guaranteed QOS
Telephone Hiearchy
• Ring Topology
• Star Topology
• Hybrid
Telephone Network
Searcy’s CO
Telephone Network - CO
Telephone Network –
Pedestal Box
Telephone Network – Wiring
Closet
Telephone Network – Patch
Panel
Telephone Network Terms
• Exchange Area
– Local vs long distance
• LEC – Local Exchange Carrier
• ILEC – Incumbent LEC
– CLEC
• BOC – Bell Operating Company
– RBOC
• Trunks – fiber optical
– 10 to 1
– TIE lines
• LATA – Local access and transport area
• IXC – Inter-exchange Carrier
– Carry inter-LATA traffic
Telephone Network – LATA
Areas
Telephone Network – After
Divestiture
Telephone Network - POP
• POP – Point of
Presence