Communication

Disoder : Speech
and Language
Disorder
Communication- is the exchange of information, ideas,
needs and desires between two or more persons.

Speech- the actual behaviour of producing a language code

by making appropriate vocal sound patterns( Hubbell,1985
cited in Heward, 2003)

Basics Concepts on
Communication, Speech
and Language
• Language- is a “ code whereby ideas about the world are
expressed through a conventional system of arbitrary
signals for communication

“Five dimensions of Language”

1. Phonology- language sound system
2. Morphology- basic unit of meaning is combined into
words.
3. Syntax- meaningful arrangements of words into synthesis
4. Semantics- relate phonology and syntax to meaning
5. Pragmatics- set of rules how language is used.
• “Speech is abnormal when it deviates so far from the
speech of other people that it calls attention to itself,
interferes with communication, or causes the speaker or
his listener to feel distressed.”(Van Riper,1984.,cited in
Heward, 2003)
• “ Speech and Language Impairments as a communication
disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation , a
language impairment, or a voice impairment that
adversely affects a child’s educational performance.”(
IDEA)

Speech Disorders
Speech is how we say sounds and words. People with
speech problems may:
• not say sounds clearly
• have a hoarse or raspy voice
• repeat sounds or pause when speaking, called stuttering
(ASHA,2019)

Speech Disorders
CAUSES OF SPEECH DISORDER
• Brain Damage
• Muscle Weakness
• Damaged Vocal cords
• A degenerative disease, such as Huntington’s disease,
Parkinson’s disease, or amyotrophic lateral
• Dementia
• Cancer- that affects the mouth or throat
• Autism
• Down Syndrome
• Hearing Loss
“Risk factors that can increase the likelihood of a person
developing a speech disorder”

• Being born prematurely

• Having a low weight at birth
• Having a family history of speech disorders
• Experiencing problems that affect the ear, nose, or throat
PREVALENCE OF SPEECH
DISORDER
• High incidence disability
• Often Occurs with other disabilities
• Almost 20% of children in US receiving special
education receive services for speech and language
disorders
Services and
Interventions
TEACHERS
1. Use highly structured settings
for students who cannot
attend to and learn language
skills in a more typical
environment.
2. Teacher corrects the child’s
mispronounciation.
3. Speak slowly and clearly, but
do not over exaggerate speech.
4. Use visual aids and write
instructions to supplement
spoken information.
5. Make instructional
transitions clear
SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
THERAPIST
1. Language intervention
activities
2. Articulation Therapy
3. Oral-motor/ feeding and
swallowing therapy