ADVANCED SERVICES Unit 4

Swimming pools

A HARISH, Asst.Professor, GITAM School of Architecture

Swimming Pools:
•Pool tank design, patio,
•finishes,
•Water circulation, cascades,
channels,
•filtration and water
treatment, Water quality
and disinfection,
•Balancing tank
Hotel services:
•Specialty services required
for hospitality industry,
•Laundry services,
•Kitchen services,
•Channeled Music,
•Internet.
 SWIMMING POOLS

• A swimming pool is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other

leisure activities.
• Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground
• In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural
stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a
standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool.
• used mostly for exercise or recreation.
• Hot tubs and spas are pools filled with hot water, used for relaxation or hydrotherapy, and
TYPES
Public swimming pools are defined in following categories based upon characteristics
of size, usage and other facilities:
TYPE A – Municipal Pool, Community Pool, Public School Pool, Athletic or Swimming
Club Pool
TYPE B – Institutional Pool ( College Campus, Hostels)
TYPE C – Large Hotels, water surface > 1600 sq.ft
TYPE D – Motels, Apartments, Housings, Small Hotels, surface water < 1600 sq.ft
TYPE E – Treatment Pools, Spa
TYPE F – Indoor Pools (Residences , clubs)

Ocean pools, Infinity pools, Natural pools and ponds, Zero-entry

swimming pools
PLANNING
ite location, Topography & Soil type can have a huge bearing on the type of
Pool which can be installed and its final cost
Positioning of the Pool for the sun & away from prevailing winds
Site access for construction work and machinery etc.
Parking
The presence of a Water Table
Positioning of Storm Water, Sewer systems and Power
Roofing
Provision of toilets, store, shower rooms, dress changing rooms, plant room, etc.
Lighting
Covering etc.
 DIMENSIONS
Standard pools are either 50m or 25m in
length.
Lanes are at least 2.5m wide, with two
spaces of at least 0.2m outside of the first
and last lanes.
In Olympic or World Championships, pools
are 50m long with a minimum of eight
racing lanes.
If the swimming pool and diving pool are in
the same area, they must be 5m apart
from each other.
A minimum depth of 1.35m, extending
from 1m−6m from the end wall is required
for pools with starting blocks.

For Olympic and World Championships the

minimum depth is 2m.
STARTING PLATFORMS
Must be firm and give no springing effect.
Height of the platform above the water
surface is 0.5m−0.75m.
The surface area is 0.5m² and covered in a
non-slip material.
LANE LINE MARKINGS
Lane line markings are dark, contrasting
colour, painted on floor of pool in the centre of
each lane
WIDTH - 0.25m, LENGTH is 46m for 50m pool
& 21m for 25m pool. 
Each lane line marking ends 2m from the end
wall of the pool with a cross line 1m long and
the same width as the lane line - TURNING TEE
SHAPES
POOL BASIN SURFACES AND
FINISHES
• Have a slip-resistant bottom surface Pool basin finishes can include tile,
where the water depth is less than 1.5 glass, and both plain and painted
m (5 ft) including lane markers, concrete. The pool basin finish
patterns, and other design features. should have the following properties:
• Have a smooth bottom surface
where the water depth is greater than • nontoxic and non hazardous
1.5 m (5 ft).
• does not pose a cutting, pinching
• Have a surface made of durable or abrasive hazard
material that:
• easy to clean
• Be free of tripping hazards such
as uneven surfaces. • durable and watertight
• Be free of physical hazards that
could injure bare feet. • no cracks or open joints
https://luxurypools.com/blog/pool- • able to withstand design stresses
finishes-0/
The most popular sized modules for swimming pool lining products are
either mosaic or plane ceramic tiles.
The colour of pool linings is of personal choice but it is common
practice to utilise white, black, turquoises or blues.
Demarcation lines/pool guidelines/targets and warning lines can be
incorporated in the tile layout design with the use of contrasting
colours.
Commonly black or dark blue are used with white or lighter blue field
tiles.
50mm x 125mm tile modules which allow for 4 x 8 in 1m².
STEPS, STAIRS AND LADDERS
A suitable means of entry and exit should be provided for all
patrons.
Access to a pool can be achieved through the use of stairs,
recessed and semi-recessed steps, and/or ladders.
Stairs, steps (recessed and semi-recessed), and/or ladders should
be:
• Provided at the shallow end of the pool if height the pool to the
deck or walkway exceeds 1.2 m (4 ft).
• Provided at the deep portion of the pool (steps and ladders only)
• Installed so as not to interfere with competitive events.
• Secure and of slip-resistant design.
• Resistant to corrosion by pool water.
POOL EDGE DETAIL
A‘deck level’ edge is the most effective and attractive option.

This allows pool water to constantly overflow the edges of the pool
tank and drain into a continuous channel set into the pool surround.

The channel can be positioned at the pool edge or set back behind a
tiled margin of approximately 0.30m.

Deck level edge pools have advantages over the older freeboard (scum
channel) pools:

OO Easier pool access/egress

OO Improved surveillance of the pool tank from the poolside

OO Improved air movement across the surface of the pool, enabling

more effective removal of airborne chemical pollutants

OO Improved surface draw-off removing pollutants from the water

surface more efficiently

OO Reduction in water turbulence, improving conditions for swimmers

in the outer lanes and people learning to swim.

The deck level edge must be designed to allow swimmers to obtain a

grip and also have a dark coloured edge demarcation to allow the edge
of the water to be more easily seen by swimmers and those on the
pool surround.
POOL FACILITIES
Changing rooms
Shower rooms
Toilets
Drinking water facilities
Plumbing fixtures
Amenities
HVAC
Lighting
Electrical requirements
FUNCTIONING OF POOLS
WATER CIRCULATION
DESIGN FLOW RATE
The design flow rate for pools should be as follows:

Pool Type Maximum turnover period in Hrs.

Public pools 6
Commercial pools 12
play or leisure (i.e., wave pool, waterfall 2
or river pool).
The water circulation rate affects the size30min
Hot tubs of recirculation equipment and velocities
through the main drain. Operationally, higher pool recirculation rates enable more
pool water to move through the filters, potentially reducing chlorine demands and
improving operational stability. However, higher rates may create suction entrapment
hazards. All these factors should be considered when selecting the recirculation rate
for the pool, in addition to the maximum turnover periods stated above.
COMPONENTS
PUMP AND MOTOR
the pump pulls water from the pool through the skimmer and main drain
pipes and then forces it through the filter and back into the swimming pool.
1 complete turnover of water in a 24 hour period
FILTER
Removes the dust, sand, grass and leaves, etc. by passing the water
through a filtering material such as fabric, sand or diatomaceous earth.
MAIN DRAIN
This draws water from the deepest portion of the pool
The main drain valve should be closed when your suction cleaner is in the
pool.
SKIMMER
This draws water from the surface and removes floating debris by creating
a skimmer
RETURN OPENINGS
distribute clean filtered water throughout the pool
VALVE / 3-WAY VALVE / 2-WAY VALVE
These control the amount or direction of water going through a plumbing
line.
IN-FLOOR CLEANING SYSTEM (Optional)
This is standard on many Premier Pools and provides an easy and safe
way to add chlorine tablets to your pool
Lighting in pools
WATER QUALITY AND
TREATMENT
Potable water as defined in the Drinking Water Protection Act be
used in wading or spray pools, and to fill a pool.

The pool water treatment objectives are to:

1. Keep the water free from pathogenic (harmful) bacteria.
2. Keep the water free from growth of algae.
3. Ensure the water is neither toxic nor irritating to
swimmers.
4. Prevent the formation of undesirable smells or taste in the
water.
5. Prevent corrosion of the pool surround.
6. Prevent scale formation in the pool.
Important Parameters to be considered
o PH
o Chlorine Concentration
o Redox
(ORP)http://www.poolcenter.com/OxidationReductionPotential
The swimming pool dosing system is connected to the recirculation
pump. The
hydraulic circulation should be continuous, starting from a
minimum of 3 cycles
per day.
FILTERATION
Filtration removes dirt, oils and debris from the water, Types
which helps maintain safe and desirable water quality.
Effective filtration will also reduce chlorine demands, •SAND FILTERS
helping to maintain low levels of combined chlorine in
the pool water. •DIATOMACEOUS
EARTH FILTERS
The filter units should be:
•CARTRIDGE FILTERS
• Capable of operating at continuous design flow rate.
• Equipped with pressure, vacuum or compound
gauges as required to indicate the condition of the
filter.
SAND FILTERS

The filter chamber is

usually made out of
reinforced concrete, filled
with sand and gravel to
the height of 1.5-2 metres.
The water is supplied to
the top of the sand-bed
and filtered as it flows
through the layers of
graded sand and gravel.
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
FILTERS
Diatomaceous Earth is the fossilized
skeletal remains of single celled aquatic
plants called diatoms. 
Diatomite is a unique mineral due to its
low density, high porosity and relative
inertness, making it an ideal filtering
medium.
Diatoms range in size from less than 5 to
over 100 microns, and are characterized
by species-specific morphology with
interior pores as small as 0.1 micron.
https://www.waterworld.com/articles/print/volume-20/issue-6/editorial-
focus/water-filtration-using-diatomaceous-earth.html
CARTRIDGE FILTERS
Cartridge filters use pleated
cylindrical cartridges to filter
the water.
Cartridge filters can catch
particles in the water to
about 10-15 microns, which
is slightly better than sand
filters.
made from wound strands of
a material such as
polypropylene
DISINFECTION
Disinfectants inactivate pathogens in the recirculated water,
provide a disinfectant residual in the pool water and minimize the
buildup of organic matter.
Pool disinfection equipment should:
• Be automatic.
• Be easily adjustable to maintain recommended disinfectant residual levels
• Be properly sized for the pool and design flow rate.
Acceptable forms of automatic disinfection include:
• chlorine gas injection
• sodium hypochlorite injection
• adjustable erosion feeders
Disinfection methods that are not considered
CHLORINATION
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine (Cl 2)
or hypochlorite to water.
This method is used to kill certain bacteria and other microbes in tap
water as chlorine is highly toxic.
Chemicals used: SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (NACLO), CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (CA(CLO)2),
CHLORINATED ISOCYANURATES, SALTCHLORINATOR UNIT, CHLORINE DIOXIDE (CLO2),

Gas Chlorination
Liquid Chlorination
Tablets
UV TREATMENT
Ultraviolet light treatment is often used in pools as a
supplementary form of disinfection to reduce chlorine consumption.
Reduction in the formation of disinfection by products can improve
indoor air quality within the pool area.
Since UV disinfection cannot impart a residual disinfectant in the
water, UV disinfection cannot replace chlorine, chlorine cyanurate,
or bromine as primary disinfectants.