Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sistem Urinaria
Sistem Urinaria
Sistem Urinaria
Ginus Partadiredja
Bagian Fisiologi FK UGM
SISTEMA URINARIA
• Fungsi ginjal (ren)
• Anatomi ginjal
• Proses produksi urine
– Filtrasi oleh glomerulus
– Reabsorbsi oleh tubulus
– Sekresi oleh tubulus
• Evaluasi fungsi ginjal
• Transportasi, penyimpanan, dan ekskresi urine
Fungsi ginjal:
1.Regulasi komposisi ion darah
2.Regulasi pH darah
3.Regulasi volume darah
4.Regulasi tekanan darah
5.Pemeliharaan osmolaritas darah (300
mOsm/l)
6.Produksi hormon (calcitriol &
erythropoetin)
7.Regulasi tingkat glukosa darah
8.Ekskresi sampah benda asing
Anatomi Ginjal
• Anatomi eksternal:
– Retroperitoneal
• Renal fascia
• Adipose capsule
• Renal capsule
– Renal hilum
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f27-
9a_urinary_bladder_c.jpg&imgrefurl=http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/Urinary%2520Syst
em.htm&h=490&w=800&sz=135&hl=id&start=3&tbnid=PjiUmIL-
b7BE7M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicturition%2Breflex%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Did%26lr%3D%
26sa%3DG
http://www.netterimages.com/images/vtn/000/000/002/2122-150x150.jpg
Nephroptosis (Ginjal melayang/ mengambang)
• Orang amat kurus kapsula adiposa & fasia renalis
berkurang ginjal turun dari posisi normal
• Akibat: ureter tertekuk blokade urine & sakit
• Insidensi: 1 dari 4 orang kelemahan jaringan fibrosa
• Perempuan 10 X > Laki-laki
Anatomi Ginjal
• Anatomi internal
– Cortex renalis
– Medulla renalis
– Pyramid renalis
– Papilla renalis
– Collumna renalis
– Ductus papillaris
– Calyx minor
– Calyx major
– Pelvis renalis
– Sinus renalis
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f27-9a_urinary_bladder_c.jpg&imgrefurl=http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/Urinary%2520System.htm&h=490&w=800&sz=135&hl=id&s tart=3&tbnid=PjiUmIL-
b7BE7M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicturition%2Breflex%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Did%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG
http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/solitarykidney/images/nephronkidA.gif
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f27-
9a_urinary_bladder_c.jpg&imgrefurl=http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/Urinary%2520System.htm&h=490&w=800&sz=135&hl=id&start=3&tbnid=PjiUmIL-
b7BE7M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicturition%2Breflex%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Did%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG
Nephron:
1. Renal corpuscle :
a. Glomerulus
b. Bowman’s capsule
2. Renal tubule:
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
b. Loop of Henle
c. Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
http://www.farmakologija.com/materia/images/nephron.gif
http://coe.fgcu.edu/faculty/greenep/kidney/glomer3.jpg
Vaskularisasi Ginjal
• Renal artery Renal vein
• Segmental arteries
Peritubular venules
• Afferent arterioles
Peritubular capillaries
http://www.geocities.com/biology_4e/cross_section_of_kidney.jpg
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f27-
9a_urinary_bladder_c.jpg&imgrefurl=http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/Urinary%2520System.htm&h=490&w=800&sz=135&hl=id&start=3&tbnid=PjiUmIL-
b7BE7M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicturition%2Breflex%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Did%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG
• Ginjal = 0.5% total body mass
• 20-25% cardiac output istirahat via arteri renalis
• Renal blood flow = 1200 mL/ menit
PROSES PRODUKSI URINE
1.Filtrasi oleh glomerulus
2.Reabsorbsi oleh tubulus
3.Sekresi oleh tubulus
http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/web_resources/cartoons/nephr.gif
Filtrasi oleh Glomerulus
• Filtrat glomerular = 150 l (F)/ 180 l (M); Fraksi filtrasi (16-
20%); 99% filtrat direabsorbsi (ekskresi 1-2 l)
• Net filtration pressure (NFP)
1. Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) = 55 mmHg
2. Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) = 15 mmHg
3. Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) = 30 mmHg
NFP = GBHP – CHP – BCOP = 10 mmHg
• Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): jumlah filtrat
terbentuk di dalam corpusculi renalis per menit =
125 ml/min (M) atau 105 ml/min (F)
• Regulasi GFR
1. Autoregulasi renal
1. Mekanisme myogenik
2. Umpan balik tubuloglomerular
2. Regulasi saraf simpatis
3. Regulasi hormonal
1. Angiotensin II
2. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
1. Autoregulasi renal
1. Mekanisme myogenik:
BP RBF GFR regangan arteriola afferent
kontraksi otot arteriola afferent lumen menyempit
GFR ke tingkat semula
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/554images/proximal_tubule.jpg
http://www.varimed.hu/hypertension/pha/img/pha_577.gif
Reabsorbsi & Sekresi di Ductus Collectivus
Principal cells: reabsorbsi Na+ & sekresi K+
• Intercalated cells: reabsorbsi K+ & HCO3- ;
sekresi H+
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/N/nephron.gif
Regulasi Reabsorbsi & Sekresi oleh Hormon
• Sistem Renin – Angiotensin – Aldosteron
• Vol darah sel juxtaglomerular
renin angiotensin
converting enzyme
2. Countercurrent flow
• Proses Produksi Urine Pekat
1. Symporters di thick ascending limb (Na+, K+, Cl-)
gradien osmotik di medula renalis. Air tak direabsorbsi