Ferdinand Marcos

Philippine History
Featuring: Ferdinand
Emmanuel Edralin
Marcos
Young Ferdinand Marcos  From left to right are
with Family Pacifico E. Marcos, Josefa
Edralin Marcos
(matriarch), Elizabeth
Marcos, Mariano Marcos y
Rubio (patriarch), and
Ferdinand E. Marcos. The
youngest child, Fortuna,
was not yet born when this
photo was taken.
 Ferdinand Marcos was
baptized into the
Aglipayan or Philippine
Education of Marcos attended
Ferdinand Marcos school in Manila. His
godfather, Ferdinand
Chua, may have helped to
Young Ferdinand pay for his educational
Marcos grew up in a expenses.
privileged milieu. He
excelled at school, and During the 1930s,
took an eager interest in Marcos studied law at the
martial skills such as University of the
boxing and shooting. Philippines.
When he was 18 years old, he was arrested and tried for a 1935
political murder using his shooting skills to kill Julio Nalundasan
with a .22- caliber rifle. The young law student was indicted for
the killing, and convicted by a district court in November of 1939.
He appealed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines in 1940.
Representing himself, the young man managed to get his
conviction overturned despite strong evidence of his guilt.
He continued his
studies while in
prison, and even
passed the bar
exam with flying
colors from his cell.
He soon joined the
Filipino Army, his
he continued andstudies
fought
while inagainst
prison,the
and even
Japanese
passed the invasion
bar examas a
combat
with flyingintelligence
colors from
officer
his cell.in the 21st
Infantry Division.
• Ferdinand Marcos
certainly did serve as a
special assistant to the first
president of the newly-
independent Republic of
the Philippines, Manuel
Roxas, in 1946-47.
• Marcos served in the
House of Representatives
from 1949 to 1959 and the
Senate from 1963 to 1965
as a member of Roxas's
Liberal Party.
A handsome man, Marcos
had married the former beauty
queen Imelda Romualdez in
1954. Her glamour added to his
popularity.
 “Marcos Family”
Spouse: Imelda Marcos
Children: Bongbong
Marcos, Imee Marcos,
Irene Marcos-Araneta,
Aimee Marcos
Ascension to the Presidency
Marcos was inaugurated on December 30,
1965. His first presidential term was notable for his
decision to send troops into the fray of the
Vietnam War, a move he had previously
opposed as a Liberal Party senator. He also
focused on construction projects and bolstering
the country's rice production.
Marcos was reelected in 1969, the first Filipino
president to win a second term, but violence
and fraud were associated with his campaign,
which was believed to be funded with millions
from the national treasury. What arose from the
campaign unrest became known as the First
Quarter Storm, during which leftists took to the
streets to demonstrate against both American
involvement in Philippine affairs and the
increasingly apparent dictatorial style of
Ferdinand Marcos.
The specific areas of the New Society
envisioned by Pres. Marcos for
reform: 1.Peace and Order
2.Land Reforms
3.Educational Reforms
4.Labor Reforms
5.Government Reorganization
6.Economic Reforms
7.Social Services
1. Peace and Order
Martial law – to restore peace and order Criminals
were either captured and detained or killed
2. Land Reforms
Exploitation of the poor and landless peasants by their
landlords
Presidential Decree No. 2 - proclaiming the “whole
country as a reform area”
Presidential Decree No. 27 – abolishes tenancy By the
end of martial law in 1981, 532, 153 tenant-farmers had
become owners of rice and corn lands in 45 provinces.
3. Educational Reforms
Marcos believed that education was a very
important role towards the goal of the “New
Society”.
President Marcos vowed that his administration
“shall educate our children, our men and women,
and ourselves.”
Education Development Decree of 1972 –
defines a more responsive role for the education
system
4. Labor Reforms
First Labor Day
Presidential Decree No. 21 – fast and just settlements of
disputes through the National Labor Relations Commission
Presidential Decree 99 – minimum wages for household
helpers
Presidential Decree No. 143 – “Blue Sunday Law”
(mandatory rest for every worker once a week)
Presidential Decree No. 148 – eliminates anti-
employment provisions of the Woman and Child Labor Law
Presidential Decree No. 197 – More effective
apprenticeship program
 Pre -War (1920 - Post -War (1946 - 1978 -1980
1940) 1970)
Rice Rice Coconut
Corn Corn Centrifugal Sugar
Sugar Sugar Lumber/Plywood
6 Key Industries
of the Coconut Coconut Copper/Iron
Philippines Abaca Logs Fruits/Vegetables
Tobacco Copper Miscellaneous
products

 Presidential Decree No. 3 – appropriating funds for public

works involving rehabilitation and capital development
 Masagana 99
We became the top exporters of rice
Liberal credit and extension work was the “secret” of Masagana
99
Educated agricultural technicians
Provided farmers with full credit support
After 3 years, Philippines experienced its highest productivity
increase in rice production
Masagana 99 uplifted the lives of the farmers.
Mobilized government resources to help the farmers in rural
areas (helicopters, etc
 Bridges:
•San Juanico Bridge (Samar and
Leyte)
Toll-Ways: •Manila North
Diversion Road
Roads and Highways: •Marcos
Highway (Baguio)
These achievements gave the
Philippines a taste of economic
prosperity throughout the 1970’s