CESAREAN SECTION

CESAREAN SECTION

 Cesarean delivery (C-section) is a surgical procedure

used to deliver a baby through incisions in the
abdomen and uterus.
 A C-section might be planned ahead of time if you
develop pregnancy complications or you've had a
previous C-section and aren't considering a vaginal
birth after cesarean (VBAC). Often, however, the need
for a first-time C-section doesn't become obvious until
labor is underway.
Why it’s
done?
Sometimes a C-section is safer for you or your
baby than is a vaginal delivery. Your health care
provider might recommend a C-section if:

 Your labor isn't progressing. Stalled labor is one

of the most common reasons for a C-section. Stalled
labor might occur if your cervix isn't opening enough
despite strong contractions over several hours.
 Your baby is in distress. If your health care
provider is concerned about changes in your baby's
heartbeat, a C-section might be the best option.
 Your baby or babies are in an abnormal position. A C-
section might be the safest way to deliver the baby if his or her
feet or buttocks enter the birth canal first (breech) or the baby is
positioned side or shoulder first (transverse).
 You're carrying multiples. A C-section might be needed if
you're carrying twins and the leading baby is in an abnormal
position or if you have triplets or more babies.
 There's a problem with your placenta. If the placenta
covers the opening of your cervix (placenta previa), a C-section
is recommended for delivery.
 Prolapsed umbilical cord. A C-section might be recommended if a
loop of umbilical cord slips through your cervix ahead of your baby.
 You have a health concern. A C-section might be recommended if you
have a severe health problem, such as a heart or brain condition. A C-
section is also recommended if you have an active genital herpes
infection at the time of labor.
 Mechanical obstruction. You might need a C-section if you have a
large fibroid obstructing the birth canal, a severely displaced pelvic
fracture or your baby has a condition that can cause the head to be
unusually large (severe hydrocephalus).
 You've had a previous C-section. Depending on the type of uterine
incision and other factors, it's often possible to attempt a VBAC. In some
cases, however, your health care provider might recommend a repeat C-
section.
Layers of the Abdomen
Layers of the Uterus
 Surgical
Instruments
Blades
Blade Holder –holds the surgical
blade.
Scalpel -a small straight thin-bladed
knife used especially in surgery.
Towel clip –used for grasping tissue or
securing items such as towels or
drapes.
 Mosquito -used in multiple
procedures as a hemostat for small
blood vessels.

Mosquito curved

Mosquito straight
 Kelly –used to clamp larger blood
vessels and tissues.

Kelly straight Kelly curved

Allis -surgical instrument with sharp teeth, used
to hold or grasp heavy tissue. It is also used to
grasp fascia and soft tissues such as breast or
bowel tissue.
Babcock -non-
perforating forceps used to grasp
delicate tissue.
Ovum forceps

 commonly used to properly remove

pieces of placenta or products of
conception from the uterus to
prevent infection
Needle holder -used by doctors and
surgeons to hold a suturing needle for
closing wounds during suturing and surgical
procedures.
Thumb Forceps

 used to hold tissue, remove

debris from wounds, and place
and remove dressings and
packing.
 They are non-
toothed, thumb
forceps with a stop peg to
ensure that when used for
holding tissue the grip
is not crushing.
Tissue Forceps -used in surgical procedures
for grasping tissue.
-the tips have "teeth" to securely hold a tissue.
 Adson forceps –used to grasp superficial
skin layers and blood vessels

 Adson non-toothed
forceps

 Adson toothed
forceps
Debakey forceps - type of atraumatic
tissue forceps used in vascular procedures to
avoid tissue damage during manipulation.
Russian forceps -used for grasping
heavy or thick tissue
Army-Navy -Double-ended retractor with a
fenestrated handle and two 90-degree angle
blades is used to retract incisions that are small or
shallow.
Bladder Retractor -designed to temporarily
separate and hold back the urinary bladder, exposing
and providing access to other tissues, urinary tract,
and associated structures.
Richardson Retractor -a handheld, single
end, right angle retractor used for holding
back multiple layers of deep tissue.
 Metzenbaum Scissors -used for the
dissecting and cutting of delicate tissues and
blunt dissection during surgical procedures.

 Metzenbaum scissor curved  Metzenbaum scissor straight

Mayo Scissor Curved –used to cut
thick tissues
Mayo Scissor Straight –used to
cut sutures, ties, sterile rubbers, etc.
Bandage Scissor -Bandage scissors, or bandage
forceps, are scissors that often have an angled tip with a
blunt tip on the bottom blade. This which helps in cutting
bandages without gouging the skin.
Vaginal Speculum - is a device, usually
made of metal, which your gynecologist
utilizes to open your vaginal walls. 
Curette -a surgical instrument designed for scraping
or debriding biological tissue or debris in a biopsy,
excision, or cleaning procedure.
Thank you for
listening =)