NITRATION

CLASSS : 1C
NAME : LUTHFIANA, ANNISA, PUTRI
 TEXT

• Nitration is a general class of chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into an organic chemical compound. More loosely
the term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters between alcohols and nitric acid, as occurs in the
synthesis of nitroglycerin.Nitration happens when one (or more) of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group,
NO2. The difference between the resulting structure of nitro compounds and nitrates is that the nitrogen atom in nitro compounds is
directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom, typically carbon or another nitrogen atom, whereas in nitrate esters, also called organic nitrates,
the nitrogen is bonded to an oxygen atom that in turn usually is bonded to a carbon atom (nitrito group).
• There are many major industrial applications of nitration in the strict sense; for example industry explosives. The most important by
volume are for the production of Nitroaromatic compounds such as nitrobenzene. Nitration reactions are notably used for the
production of explosives, because in the process using explosives material for example the conversion of guanidine to nitroguanidine and
the conversion of toluene to trinitrotoluene. However, they are of wide importance as chemical intermediates and precursors. Millions of
tons of nitroaromatics are produced annually.
• In the context of organic compounds, we could potentially make the case that nitrogen just might be the most important atom other
than carbon and hydrogen. Nitrogen finds many applications in things that we depend on everyday including things like pharmaceuticals,
textiles (such as nylon), plastics, and even biological polymers like proteins.
QUESTION

• 1. What is the general class of chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into
an organic chemical compound?
• 2. When does the nitration happen ?
• 3. Why does nitration reactions notably used for the explosive product?
• 4. Who is the major industrial application of nitration?
• 5. How important is nitrogen