Hans

Eysenck’s
TRAIT THEORY

Biological inheritance is the

origin of human traits
Raymond Cattell
TRAIT THEORY / dispositional

Raymond Bernard Cattell was a British and American

psychologist, known for his psychometric research into
intrapersonal psychological structure
Time to judge
yourself!
The following personality trait list describes some of the descriptive terms used for
each of the 16 personality dimensions described by Cattell.

1. Abstractedness: Imaginative versus practical

2. Apprehension: Worried versus confident
3. Dominance: Forceful versus submissive
4. Emotional Stability: Calm versus high-strung
5. Liveliness: Spontaneous versus restrained
6. Openness to Change: Flexible versus attached to the familiar
7. Perfectionism: Controlled versus undisciplined
8. Privateness: Discreet versus open
9. Reasoning: Abstract versus concrete
10. Rule-Consciousness: Conforming versus non-conforming
11. Self-Reliance: Self-sufficient versus dependent
12. Sensitivity: Tender-hearted versus tough-minded.
13. Social Boldness: Uninhibited versus shy
14. Tension: Impatient versus relaxed
15. Vigilance: Suspicious versus trusting
16. Warmth: Outgoing versus reserved

https://www.verywellmind.com/cattells-16-personality-factors-2795977
https://jobmarketmonitor.com/2015/12/18/16-career-paths-that-may-best-fit-specific-personality-traits-infographic/
William Sheldon’s
TYPE THEORY
-based on physical characteristics specifically that
of one’s bodily attributes ( endomorphic,
mesomorphic, and ectomorphic)
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiHue_58d
zkAhWEUN4KHSajA3YQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gasparinutrition.com%2Fbe
ginners-guide-to-body-types-ectomorph-mesomorph-and-
endomorph%2F&psig=AOvVaw2hRHX7OWns6hqmEOtngWAZ&ust=1568982587045046
What Is An Endomorph?

● “Fat” or chubby or obese

● Bigger weights than their heights
● Prominence of the intestines and organs of the visceral
Characteristics of an Endomorph:
● Soft, round body
● Short, stocky limbs
● Large bone structure; “big-boned”
● Fitted jeans are snug around the hips and glutes
● Slow metabolism
● Lose fat with difficulty
● Gains fat and muscle at an average rate
● Lack of muscle definition
● Large appetite

Additional features of endomorphs include short arms and legs with tiny hands
and feet. Because of their typical girth, the length of their arms and size of their
hands and feet tends to make endomorphs look less fit than the other body
types.
Lee Andrew Priest (born 6 July 1972 in Newcastle, Australia) is a former International
Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) professional bodybuilder and a current National Amateur
Body-Builders' Association (NABBA) professional athlete
 Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem(born

Mark Sinclair IpsumJuly 18, 1967), Lorem Ipsum
better known by his stage name Vin
Diesel, is an American actor, producer,
director, and screenwriter. After featuring
in the war film Saving Private Ryan
(1998), he rose to international fame with
his role as Dominic Toretto in The Fast
and the Furious franchise.
Jack Black (born Thomas Jacob Black;
August 28, 1969) is an American actor,
comedian, musician, songwriter, and media
personality.
What Is An Ectomorph?
The ectomorph is often described as the “hard gainer” in the weight room. These are
the people who take a long time to gain muscle and are at the risk of remaining rail thin
unless they eat right and avoid overdoing cardio.
Characteristics of an Ectomorph:
● Thin, slender appearance
● Can be skinny fat
● Small chest
● Fitted jeans are generally loose around the glutes
● Fast metabolism
● Long limbs
● Thin bones and small joints
● Hyperactive
● Gains both weight and muscle with great difficulty and loses muscle easily

Other features of an ectomorph include having a delicate stature, especially in women.

Muscles are slight, lean, and long; and you might notice a slight droop in the shoulders
that makes the arms look lanky. Ectomorphs also have trouble with temperature
regulation due to a lack of both fat and muscle mass.
Lance Edward Armstrong (born Lance
Edward Gunderson; September 18, 1971) is an
American former professional road racing
cyclist, infamous for the biggest doping scandal
in cycling history. At age 16, Armstrong began
competing as a triathlete and was a national
sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and
1990.
Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is
an American retired competitive swimmer and
the most successful and most decorated
Olympian of all time, with a total of 28 medals.
Lee Jun-fan (Chinese: 李振藩; November 27,
1940 – July 20, 1973), known professionally as
Bruce Lee (Chinese: 李小龍), was a Hong
Kong-American actor, director, martial artist,
martial arts instructor, and philosopher
Usain St Leo Bolt OJ CD is a retired Jamaican
sprinter. He is a world record holder in the 100
metres, 200 metres and 4 × 100 metres relay
Emmanuel Dapidran Pacquiao,
OL GCrS PLH is a Filipino
professional boxer and politician
currently serving as a Senator of
the Philippines since 2016.
Pacquiao is regarded by many
boxing historians as one of the
greatest professional boxers of all
time.
What Is A Mesomorph?
The mesomorph is someone who is blessed with natural muscle tone and strength.
Though they can gain both fat and muscle with ease, they tend to burn fat faster than
both ectomorphs and endomorphs while maintaining their muscle mass. The body
usually is wider at the shoulders and tapers in at the waist, even with men, and the
waistline is notably lower than the other body types.
Characteristics of a Mesomorph:
● Heavy, athletic body
● Gains both muscle and fat easily but can also lose both easily
● Defined muscle
● Hard, rectangular shape for men; hourglass shaped for women
● Fitted jeans are snug around the glutes but not too tight
● Shoulders are slightly wider than hips
● Gains strength easily
● Average to fast metabolism
● Thick skin
● Noted for having ideal posture

Other features of the mesomorph include hands and feet that are well-muscled; square
jaws and clearly defined cheek bones. Mesomorphs also tan well, due to the thickness
of their skin.
Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (/ˈʃvɑːrtsnɛɡər/;
German: born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-
American politician, actor, filmmaker,
businessman, author, and former professional
bodybuilder. He served as the 38th Governor of
California from 2003 to 2011.
Anna Sergeyevna Kournikova (Russian: А́нна
Серге́евна Ку́рникова, IPA: [ˈannə sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvnə
ˈkurnʲɪkəvə] ( listen); born 7 June 1981) is a
Russian former professional tennis player and
American television personality.
Terrell Eldorado Owens (/ˈtɛrəl/; born
December 7, 1973), popularly known by his
initials, T.O., is a former American football wide
receiver who played in the National Football
League (NFL) for 16 seasons. A six-time Pro
Bowl selection and five-time first-team All-Pro,
Owens holds or shares several NFL records.
 How Do I Figure Out My Body Type? What is
somatotpye?
● When I wrap my middle finger and thumb around the opposite wrist, do the fingers overlap, just
touch, or is there space between the finger and thumb? If your fingers overlap, you have a small
frame. Just touching is an average frame. If there’s a space, you’re bigger boned.
● Are my shoulders wider than my hips? If yes, you could be a mesomorph or ectomorph.
● Is my waist tapered in? If yes, you might be a mesomorph.
● Are my hands and feet small for my size? Or are they large? Endomorphs tend to have small
hands and feet, while ectomorphs have larger and longer extremities.
● Are the bones in my face noticeable? Or is my face soft and round? More angular faces lean
towards the thinner builds, while rounder, softer faces can be seen with endomorphs.
● Are your forearms small, average, or large? Again, small leans toward ectomorph and so on.
 You are unique...
Before you rush to slap a label on yourself, remember that you are
the product of finely blended DNA pool unique to your family tree.
It might be easier to assume that you’re just an ectomorph or
mesomorph, but the truth is that you are only primarily one or the
other. Some people are split right down the middle between two
types. Others could be a 50%-25%-25% mix. There are “extreme”
cases where someone is indeed 90%-5%-5% or 100%-0%-0%.

https://www.gasparinutrition.com/beginners-guide-to-body-types-ectomorph-mesomorph-and-endomorph/
PSYCHODYNAMIC
THEORY
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of
psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through
dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
ID = PLEASURE-ORIENTED AREA OF ONE’S PERSONA

SUPEREGO= MORAL ARM

EGO= RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF BALANCE BETWEEN THE TWO

CONTRADICTING FORCES
PSYCHOSEXUAL
THEORY

Freud emphasized the development of individual’s libido or sexual

urge.
Oral Stage (0-1)
Anal Stage (2-3 years)

Urge to expel through the anus

Toilet training becomes a basic requirement
Phallic Stage (4-5 years)
Latency Stage (6-13 years)
Sexual urges becomes
inactive. This is because of
the exposure to the
significant others like
peers, classmates, teachers,
family members, etc.

Individuals turn attention

to outside world and begins
to engage in activities that
require other people’s
presence as well.
Genital Stage (Puberty-onwards)

The teenager has

overcome latency, made
associations with one
gender or the other, and
now seeks out pleasure
through sexual contact with
others/ sexual urge
becomes activated.

One searches for a mate to

pro-create / preparation to
family life.
Freud believed that the
development of a
healthy adult
personality was the
result of successfully
completing each of the
psychosexual stages

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-fixation-2795188
 Erick Erickson’s
Psychosocial Theory
Erik Homburger Erikson was a German-American developmental psychologist
and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychological development of human
beings

Ability or failure to perform the tasks (resolve) or overcome the crises at

hand leads to the acquisition of specific traits or attributes, which may
either be positive or negative.
Stage Crisis
Infancy (0-2) Trust vs Mistrust
Toddler (2-3) Autonomy vs Shame
and Doubt
Preschool (3-6) Initiative vs Guilt
School Age (6-12) Industry vs Inferiority
Adolescence (12-19) Identity vs Role
Confusion
Early Adulthood (19-25) Intimacy vs Isolation
Middle Age (25-65) Generativity vs
Stagnation
Aging (65-Death) Integrity vs Despair
B.F. Skinner’s
Behaviorism
● The need to manipulate the
environment so as to produce a certain
behavior.
● Rewards and Punishment from the
‘reinforcer’
Carl Roger’s
Humanistic Theory
● Every individual desires to satisfy his
physiological and psychological needs to
attain the level of self-actualization.
● Self-concept is a significant element in his
insight that determines motivation to
pursue the ultimate end of actualization.
● An individual desires to project and achieve
an image according to his ideals and failure
to attain these results to a feeling of
SADNESS, DISGUST, and DEPRESSION.
15
EMOTIONAL TRAITS
CHARACTERIZING
SELF- ACTUALIZATION
1 MORE EFFICIENT PERCEPTION
OF REALITY
2 SPONTANEOUS
3 CAN EASILY ACCEPT OTHERS
AND THEMSELVES
4 PROBLEM-
CENTERED
5 OFTEN
DETACHED
What we know about men's loneliness
● Almost ¼ of men aged 30-65 (~ 1 million) are at risk of isolation
● 25% of men have no one outside of their immediate family to rely on
● 37% report they’re not satisfied with the quality of their relationships
● 61% have lost contact with more friends than they would have liked to
● 50% of men rarely talk about deep personal issues with friends
● 31% don’t spend much time talking to their friends in general
https://www.cbhs.com.au/health-well-being-blog/blog-article/2017/05/31/lonely-australian-men
Are men lonelier than women?
● Fewer males being in an emotional relationship
● Being unable to find a romantic partner
● Inability or difficulty making friends
● Self-reported lower esteem (thinking that they are ‘losers’)
● Higher levels of alcohol consumption
6 AUTONOMOUS
 7 HAVE MYSTIC
EXPERIENCES

..it is "a sensation of 'eternity', a feeling as of something limitless,

unbounded," a "feeling of an indissoluble bond, of being one with
the external world as a whole.”...the universal human religious
emotion resembled this "oceanic sense.
8 GEMEINSCHAFTSGEFUHL

"community feeling" or "social interest,"...state of social

connectedness and interest in the well-being of others
9 CONTINUED FRESHNESS
OF APPRECIATION
10 INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONS
11 DEMOCRATIC
12 DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN
MEANS AND ENDS

..do good but distinguishes between how it will be done

and what should be achieved
13 SENSE OF
HUMOR
14 RESIST
ENCULTURATION
15 CREATIVE
 Search for any unique personalities
that made news in the last five years.
Write an assessment paper regarding the
uniqueness in the character of a chosen
personality (minimum of 100 words).
Abraham Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs
● Satisfying physiological towards
psychological needs
● Self-actualization entails maturity and
selflessness