Design of Steam & Gas Turbines

P.M.V. Subbarao
Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

A Table of Geometrical Details…..

Multistage Impulse Turbine : GE Product
What If it is A Single Stage Impulse Turbine
 500 MW Steam Turbines in Indian Power Plants

m_hp m_ip m_lp

Mass Flow rate 1534 1380 1141
(tons/hr)

MS CRH HRH Ex 5 Ex 4 Ex 3 Ex 2 Ex 1 Cond

P (MPa) 16.677 4.454 4.013 1.922 0.7456 0.267 0.1361 0.0278 0.0092
T (0C) 537 344.8 537 430.4 300.6 194.8 135.8 67.37 44.15
h (kJ/kg) 3396 3069 3530 3316 3060 2857 2745 2507 2386
Mass 766.67 26.81 19.12((BFP 12.47 22.62 10.13
flow rate )
(kg/s) 22.09
Plant Layout & Energy Balance Diagram
 General Rules for Steam Path Design

• For HP Axial (flow) velocity at the inlet is 40 m/sec and at

the outlet 65 m/sec. (> 5 Mpa)
• For IP axial velocity of steam at the inlet is 60 m/sec and
at the outlet 80 m/sec (5 Mpa – 0.3 Mpa)
• For LP axial velocity of steam at the inlet is 75 m/sec
and at the outlet of last front stage is 130 m/sec. (<0.3
Mpa)
• Maximum mean blade speed used so far: 450 m/s
• Generally acceptable range of inlet flow angle(a1) : 150
to 200
 Inlet Velocity Diagram
U
a2 a1 b2 b1
Va2 Va1 Vr1
Vr2
Steam turbine design
y

F
For reaction turbine With known value of
maximum efficiency U , change enthalpy is
occurs at loading obtained .
factor h
 1.2 From change in enthalpy
u2
absolute velocity of steam
can be obtained
 Range of turbine Design Parameter
• High Pressure Gas Turbine:
• Maximum AN2 : 2.5×107 – 3.3 ×107 m2.rpm2.
• Stage loading coefficient: 1.4 – 2.0
• Stage Exit Mach Number: 0.4 – 0.5
• Low Pressure Gas Turbine:
• Inlet mass flow rate: 195 – 215 kg/m2.s
• Hub/tip ratio: .35-.5
• Max. Stage loading (based on hub): 2.4
• Exit Mach Number: 0.4 – 0.5
 L/F1
L/F0
(b1+b2)

L/F0.5

b1
 90-a2

F0.5

90-a1
 (b1+b2)

b1