SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION

AND PROCESSING

Phase – I => Seismic Data Acquisition

Phase – II => Seismic Data Processing
Phase – III => Seismic Data Interpretation

Shahbaz Younis, Pakistan

 2D/3D SEISMIC SURVEY

OBJECTIVES

PREPARATION & PLANNING

PARAMETER SELECTION
 OTHER DATA

Topographic Maps

Arial Photographs

Cultural Information
PLANNING & PREPARATION
AVAILABLE BUDGET & TIME
+
AVAILABLE DATA

Geological Data

Geophysical Data

Other Information
 GEOLOGICAL DATA
MAPS
Surface maps
Cross sections
Contour maps
Isopach
WELL DATA
Formation depths/thickness
Lithologies
Well history
Wire Line Logs
 GEOPHYSICAL DATA

MAPS
Time / Depth contour maps
Isochorn / Isopach maps
Velocity maps

SECTIONS
Field monitors
Migrated / Unmigrated sections
 CONCLUSIONS

Depth of Target Horizon

Dip of the Target Horizon
Arial Extension of Target
Maximum Desired Frequency
Terrain
Accessibility in the Area
Noise Type in the Area
Thickness of the Weathered Layer
Structural Settings of the Area
Climate
REFLECTION FROM A HORIZONTAL
REFLECTOR
Source Detector
Offset
Surface

Reflector
CMP
Subsurface Imaging
 SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION ON LAND

Recording Truck
Geophones

Shot Hole

Seismic Waves

Reflector
 SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION IN
MARINE
Seismic ship
Hydrophones
Sea surface

Shot
Streamer

Seismic Waves

Reflector
SURVEY DESIGN
 2D / 3D DATA PRESENTATION

3D Data Volume
Reflection events appearing as two
dimensional surfaces

2D Line Stack

Reflection events appear as one

dimensional events
 RECEIVER TYPE

GEOPHONES

HYDROPHONES
 RECEIVER LAYOUT

PARAMETERS
GROUP INTERVAL
GROUP BASE
NUMBER OF GEOPONES PER GROUP
GEOPHONE INTERVAL
RECEIVER ARRAY PATTERN
 RECEIVER ARRAY DESIGN
G1 G2 G23 G24

Linear Array

G1 G12

Parallel array G13 G24

G1 G10 G11 G12

Weighted Array
G13 G14 G15 G24
 SOURCE TYPE

CRITERIA FOR SOURCE SELECTION

TERRAIN
ACCESSIBILITY
EQUIPMENT COST
EFFICIENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
 SOURCE TYPES USED FOR
LAND & MARINE SURVEYS

LAND

Dynamite Vibroseis

MARINE

Air Gun
 VIBROSEIS
PARAMETERS
VP INTERVAL
VP BASE
MOVE UP
SWEEP LENGTH
SWEEP FREQUENCY
SWEEP TYPES
No. OF SWEEPS PER VP
SOURCE ARRAY PATTERN
 DYNAMITE

PARAMETERS SP Interval

SHOT HOLE DEPTH

Hole Depth
CHARGE SIZE
SP INTERVAL Charge Size

NUMBER OF HOLES
SHOT POINT BASE
SOURCE ARRAY PATTERN
Marine Shooting
SOURCE RECEIVER ARRAY
VP Interval
VP VP VP

Geophone
VP Base Interval

Group Base
Shahbaz Younis, Pakistan
2D Seismic Lines Layout
 Zigzag Geometry

It is an other type of land geometry, very

efficient for data acquisition in deserts.

There are two sets of parallel shot lines

making an angle of +/- 45o with parallel

receiver lines.
2D RAW SHOT DISPLAY
3D RAW SHOT DISPLAY