RAILWAY WAGON BRAKING SYSTEM

RAILWAY WAGON BRAKING SYSTEM

RAILWAY WAGON BRAKING SYSTEM

PRESENTED BY:
ARUN RAJU
S5 MECHANICAL
ROLL NO:18
GPTC EZHUKONE

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 CONTENTS

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Pneumatic brake
• Electrodynamic brake
• Mechanical brake
• Electromagnetic brake
• Advantages
• Conclusion
• References

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 Abstract

Brakes are device on the trains to bring it to standstill.A moving

train contains energy, known as Kinetic energy.Which needs to be
removed from the train in order to cause stop.The simplest way of
doing this is to convert this energy into heat energy.It is a time
consumable process,to overcome this problem a new braking
system is called “Electronically Controlled Pneumatic
Brakes(ECP)” are developed.It use several train wires to operate
individual valves or variations in switching of wires to control
brakes.Some of the benefits of ECP brakes are,instantaneous
response to the engineer’s command and ECP brakes are reduce the
braking distances and another benefits are train handling
improvemnts,lower wagon maitanance cost.

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Introduction

•The brakes are used on the coaches of railway trains to enable

deceleration, control acceleration (downhill) or to keep them
standing when parked.

•While the basic principle is similar from road vehicle, the usage
and operational features are more complex because of the need to
control multiple linked carriages and to be effective on vehicles left
without a prime mover.

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 Contents

1) Pneumatic Brake
a) Vacuum Brake
b) Compressed Air Brake
2) Electrodynamic Brake
3) Mechanical Brake
4) Electromagnetic Brake

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1) Pneumatic Brake:
a) Vacuum Brake:-

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BRAKE RELEASED:

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BRAKE APPLIED:

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 VACCUM BRAKING SYSTEM
The majority of the world’s trains the compressed air used to
push the block on to the wheels or pads on the disc.

In vaccum brake system is controlled through a brake pipe

connecting a brake valve in the driver’s cab.

The vaccum is created by a injector or exhauster.

The injector removes the atmospheric pressure from the brake

pipe to create the vaccum using steam on steam locomotive and
the exhauster using electric power on other types of trains.

The exhauster has to speeds, low speed and high speed.The high
speed is switchedin to create a vaccum and thus release the
brakes.Slow speed is used to keep the vaccum at the required
level to maintain brake release. 9
Advantages

a) Simple in design
b)Highly reliable
c)Ability to get partial release without any additional equipment
d)Greater amount of safety because the vaccum lossage results in
the braking of the wagon
e)Permit the aeromatic application of brakes down the entire
length of the train from the simple control in the driver’s hand

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 b) Compressed Air Brake System:-

i. Automatic Compressed Air Brake System

ii. Straight Compressed Air Brake System

Graduated Release Compressed Air Brake System:

iii. Twin Pipe Graduated Release Compressed Air Brake

System

iv. Single Pipe Graduated Release Compressed Air Brake

System
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i. Automatic Compressed Air Brake System:-

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Fig:- Principle of automatic compressed air brake system
ii. Straight Compressed Air Brake System:-

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Fig:- Principle of Straight Compressed Air Brake System
iii. Twin Pipe Graduated Release Compressed Air
Brake System:-

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Fig:- Principle of Twin pipe graduated release air brake system
 iv. Single Pipe Graduated Release
Compressed Air Brake System:-

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Fig:- Principle of Single Pipe Graduated Release Compressed Air Brake System
 2) Electrodynamic Brake System:-

Transmission of braking force

Principle of dynamic braking 16
from traction motors to wheels
• Braking system used in electric train is called electrodynamic braking
system

Electric braking divided into two,

!- Rheostatic braking system
!!-Regenarative braking system

Rheostatic braking system used in low range speed

Regenarative braking system used in high speed
range

The main advantage of this braking system are precise regulation of

braking force,while controlling the circuit parameters,as well as high
speed and stability of the system operations

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 3) Mechanical Brake:-

Fig:-Principle of axle-mounted disc

Fig:-Principle of wheel tread brakes
brakes

Fig:- Carbon/Carbon-composite multi-

Fig:- Principle of wheel-mounted disc brakes
disc system

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 MECHANICAL BRAKING SYSTEM
The basic braking Devices used by mechanical braking systems
are : wheel tread brakes, axle- mounted disc brakes, and wheel-
mounted disc brakes.These brake mechanisms use a brake shoe
that applies friction force to the disc

In wheel-tread brake, the brake shoe applies friction force to the

wheel tread, creating a sliding effect

High speed trains cannot use wheel tread type brake, because
doing so many damage the wheel tread

Axle-mounted disc brake require sufficient space to

accommodate therefore used in trailer bogies

Wheel-mounted disc brakes are used on motor bogies because it

requires accommodating traction motor 19
In vaccuum brake system, compressed air or oil is applied to the
brake cylinder that pushes the brake lining against in the discs

Brake discs are dead weight that is useful only during braking,
therefore operators can install lighter discs

Carbon/Carbon-composite multi discs and aluminium composite

discs offer lighter weights and widely used

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4) Electromagnetic Brake System:-

Fig:- Principle of electromagnetic brake

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Conventional train braking systems depend heavily on adhesion between the
wheel thread and the rail.

In case of high speed trains, adhesion decreases as speeds increases,making it

necessary for the train to reduce braking distances.To overcome this problem
the electromagnetic brake system adopted.It doesn’t depend on adhesion.

It produce a braking force by using magnetic repulsion obtained from eddy

currents generated on the top surface of the rails.Earlier it was not used
because of assumption that the eddy current would heat small sections of the
rail to such a degree that the rail would bend sideways.This is solved by
development of a elecromagnetic brake that uses eddy current and frictional
force.

The electromagnetic brake on bogie is connected to batteries that create

alternating north and south poles forming magnetic field between the poles.

This magnetic field generate eddy currents in the top surface of the rails,
creating a force acting in an opposite direction to the movement of the train.
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 Advantages:-

o High air pressure means only small brake cylinders are required
which can easily he fitted into small spaces on wagon in air
braking system.

o On steam engines vacuum can be created by a very small

ejector. No pressure vessels required for reservoirs.

o In mechanical braking simple in construction, increased

mechanical advantage, equal braking action on all wheels.

o Electromagnetic brakes can develop a negative power which

represents nearly twice the maximum power output of a typical
engine.

o In electrodynamic braking system produces electricity. No

external power is required. 23
 Conclusion:-
Vacuum brakes have extremely limited applications because of
longer longer to function and unsuitable for high speed trains.
Air brakes are efficient as compared to vacuum brakes;
however they require considerable stopping distance therefore
cannot be used for emergency braking.
Mechanical brakes should be kept in reserve in parallel with
another braking technique and should be used to completely stop
the engine at low speed.
Electrodynamic brake systems occasionally malfunction
because they have complex circuits. Therefore they cannot be
used as emergency brakes.
Electromagnetic braking in high-speed train is efficient method
of braking.

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 REFERENCES

• www.ijert.org
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.123seminaronly.com

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Thank You

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