EVAPORATOR

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 EVAPORATOR
• Most simple evaporator is an ordinary
pan.
• Evaporation takes place from surface.
• Evaporation start when liquid heated up
to the boiling point.
• Boiling point in an altitude of 5000m is
850C.
• Deterioration of protein, chemical
reaction, or even coagulations takes
place.

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 Types of Evaporator
• Batch Pan
• Forced Circulation
• Natural Circulation
• Wiped Film
• Rising Film Tubular
• Plate Equivalents of Tubular
Evaporators
• Falling Film Tubular
• Rising/Falling Film Tubular

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 1. Batch Pan
• Oldest method.
• Product residence time is
many hours.
• Either jacketed or has
internal coils or heaters.
• Heat transfer areas are
quite small.
• Heat transfer is
improved by agitation.

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2. Forced Circulation
• The milk streams upwards through a
number of tubes or plates.
• Heating medium, steam.
• Heating surface is increased but the
evaporation surface is still limited.
• Centrifugal separator were used.
• The product recycled.

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 Forced Circulation

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3. Natural Circulation
• Short tube bundle within the batch
pan or by having an external shell and
tube heater outside of the main
vessel.
• The concentration was controlled by
the amount of feed.
• Recirculation by naturally.

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 Natural Circulation

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4. Wiped or Agitated Film

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5. Rising Film Tubular
• First ‘modern’ evaporator in early
1900’s.
• The vapor generated forming a
core in the center of the tube.
• This provides higher heat transfer
coefficients and shorter product
residence time.

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 Rising Film Tubular

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 6. Plate Type Evaporator
• Full accessibility to the heat transfer
surfaces.
• Flexible capacity by adding more plate
units.
• Shorter product residence time
resulting in a superior quality
concentrate.
• For heat sensitive products e.g. skim
milk, whey protein and cheese whey.

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Rising/Falling Film Plate

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 Paravap

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 7. Falling Film Tubular
• Half a century for a falling film
evaporation technique to be perfected.
• Even distribution of liquid to each of
the tubes by a perforated plate
positioned above the top tube plate of
calandria.
• Thinner, faster moving film and gives
rise to an even shorter product contact
time.

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 Falling Film Tubular

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Rising/Falling Film Tubular

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