Divine Word College of Legazpi

Legazpi City, Albay

School (ex. School of Education,Arts and Sciences)
S.Y. 2018-2019

PREPARED BY:
DENNIS JOHN LUPANGO
ERIKA MAE REALOSA
BSMAC-1
SUBMITTED TO:
MS. COLLYN E. EMPLEO
STS INSTRUCTOR
IS BLACK HOLE A HOLE?
(A SCIENTIFIC ISSUE)
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• THIS STUDY IS CONDUCTED TO EXPLAIN SUCH IMPOSSIBLE THING THAT

EVERYONE MUST NOT KNOW. A STUDY WITH WONDERFUL AND
FACTUAL BASIS WHICH MAY LEAVE YOU INFORMED THAT SCIENCE
COULD TELL. THE RESEARCHERS CHOOSE THE BLACK HOLE TOPIC
BECAUSE IT IS NOT WELL-KNOWN TO EVERY ONE OF HOW IT BECOMES
AND WHAT ITS PURPOSE. BLACK HOLE IS IN EVERY SCIENCE BOOKS AND
ENCYCLOPEDIA BUT THE INFORMATION THAT IT CONVEYS WILL NOT
HELP A READER TO GET THE TRUTH BEHIND THIS SCIENTIFIC ISSUE.
 WHAT ARE BLACK HOLES ANYWAY?

THEY ARE THE OPPOSITE OF EMPTY! BLACK HOLES HAVE

THE MOST MATTER STUFFED INTO THE LEAST SPACE OF
ANY OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE. BECAUSE THEY ARE SO
COMPACT, THEY HAVE VERY STRONG GRAVITY.
 THE GRAVITY OF BLACK HOLE

• THE GRAVITY OF A BLACK HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT NOT

EVEN LIGHT CAN ESCAPE. EVEN IF A BRIGHT STAR IS SHINING
RIGHT NEXT TO A BLACK HOLE, YOU CANNOT SEE THE BLACK
HOLE. INSTEAD OF REFLECTING THE LIGHT AS OTHER OBJECTS
DO, THE BLACK HOLE JUST SWALLOWS THE STARLIGHT
FOREVER. ANY MATTER THAT GETS TOO CLOSE TO A BLACK
HOLE GETS SWALLOWED UP AS WELL.
THERE ARE AT LEAST TWO KINDS OF BLACK HOLES

• STELLAR-MASS BLACK HOLES ARE ONLY A FEW TENS OF KILOMETERS

ACROSS—MAYBE ABOUT 40 MILES. JUST IMAGINE. OUR SUN IS SO HUGE
THAT ABOUT ONE MILLION EARTHS WOULD FIT INSIDE IT.

• ANOTHER KIND OF BLACK HOLE IS CALLED A SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE.

YOU CAN THINK OF THIS TYPE AS A "MILLION-BIG-STAR" BLACK HOLE,
BECAUSE IT CONTAINS AS MUCH MATTER AS ONE MILLION TO 100 MILLION
SUNS!
 XMM NEWTON SPACE TELESCOPE

• ONE SPACE MISSION THAT IS HELPING THEM DO JUST THAT IS A SPACE

TELESCOPE CALLED XMM-NEWTON. IT WAS LAUNCHED INTO EARTH ORBIT IN
1999 BY NASA AND THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY. IT OBSERVES THE
UNIVERSE IN HIGH-ENERGY X-RAYS, A TYPE OF LIGHT THAT WE CAN'T SEE
WITH OUR EYES. MATTER, SUCH AS GAS AND DUST PARTICLES, NEAR BLACK
HOLES PUTS OUT X-RAYS AS IT SWIRLS AROUND AT LIGHT SPEED JUST BEFORE
THE BLACK HOLE SWALLOWS IT UP. BY OBSERVING THESE X-RAYS, XMM CAN
HELP SCIENTISTS UNDERSTAND THE BLACK HOLE.
 BLACK HOLES

• DON'T LET THE NAME FOOL YOU: A BLACK HOLE IS ANYTHING

BUT EMPTY SPACE. RATHER, IT IS A GREAT AMOUNT OF MATTER
PACKED INTO A VERY SMALL AREA - THINK OF A STAR TEN TIMES
MORE MASSIVE THAN THE SUN SQUEEZED INTO A SPHERE
APPROXIMATELY THE DIAMETER OF NEW YORK CITY.
 EINSTEIN’S THEORY

• MOST FAMOUSLY, BLACK HOLES WERE PREDICTED BY EINSTEIN'S

THEORY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY, WHICH SHOWED THAT WHEN A
MASSIVE STAR DIES, IT LEAVES BEHIND A SMALL, DENSE REMNANT
CORE. IF THE CORE'S MASS IS MORE THAN ABOUT THREE TIMES THE
MASS OF THE SUN, THE EQUATIONS SHOWED, THE FORCE OF
GRAVITY OVERWHELMS ALL OTHER FORCES AND PRODUCES A
BLACK HOLE.
 ONE STAR'S END IS A BLACK HOLE'S BEGINNING

• MOST BLACK HOLES FORM FROM THE REMNANTS OF A LARGE STAR THAT DIES IN A
SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION.
• HOWEVER, AS THE STAR COLLAPSES, A STRANGE THING OCCURS. AS THE SURFACE OF
THE STAR NEARS AN IMAGINARY SURFACE CALLED THE "EVENT HORIZON," TIME ON THE
STAR SLOWS RELATIVE TO THE TIME KEPT BY OBSERVERS FAR AWAY. WHEN THE SURFACE
REACHES THE EVENT HORIZON, TIME STANDS STILL, AND THE STAR CAN COLLAPSE NO
MORE - IT IS A FROZEN COLLAPSING OBJECT.
• EVEN BIGGER BLACK HOLES CAN RESULT FROM STELLAR COLLISIONS.
 CONCLUSION
• THE THEORY THAT BLACK HOLES HAVE EXISTED IS NOT NEW AT ALL. A BLACK
HOLE IS COLLAPSED OBJECT (USUALLY A STAR) THAT HAS BECOME INVISIBLE
AND HAS SUCH A POWERFUL GRAVITATIONAL FORCE THAT NOTHING, EVEN
LIGHT, CAN’T ESCAPE ITS SURFACE. THIS IS THE REASON THAT THEY ARE
INVISIBLE. THEY ARE SO POWERFUL THAT ONE COULD EASILY CRUSH AN
ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF MATTER INTO AN INCREDIBLY SMALL SPACE. FOR
INSTANCE, IF THE EARTH WERE TO BE SQUEEZED INTO A BLACK HOLE, IT
WOULD END UP AS THE SIZE OF A MARBLE. SO, WE DISAGREE THAT BLACK
HOLE IS A HOLE BECAUSE IT IS PROVEN THAT A BLACK HOLE IS ANYTHING
BUT EMPTY SPACE.
 REFERENCES:

• HTTPS://SCIENCE.NASA.GOV/ASTROPHYSICS/FOCUS-AREAS/BLACK-
HOLES
• NASA OFFICIAL: DR. MAMTA PATEL NAGARAJA
• LAST UPDATED: JANUARY 14, 2019
• NASA OFFICIAL: KRISTEN ERICKSON PROGRAM MANAGER: HEATHER
DOYLE CONTACT NASA SPACE PLACE LAST UPDATED: DECEMBER 14TH,
2018
• HTTPS://SPACEPLACE.NASA.GOV/BLACK-HOLE-RESCUE/EN/
THANK YOU!