CS112 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL

Lecture # 12 – Selection Control in C

Syed Shahrooz Shamim
Junior Lecturer,
CS Department, UIT
C if else
Introduction:

The if statement is used to conditionally execute a

statement or a block of statements. Conditions can be
true or false, execute one thing when the condition is
true, something else when the condition is false.
C if else
A FLOWCHART OF IF-ELSE STATEMENT
C if else
Syntax:

if (expression)
statement(s);
else statement(s);
C if else
Example :

if (a == b)
printf ("%d is equal to %d", a, b);
else
printf ("%d is not equal to %d", a, b);
If-then statements

Syntax:

if (expression)
statement(s);
If-then statements

Example:

if (a == b)
printf ("%d is equal to %d", a, b);
else
printf ("%d is not equal to %d", a, b);

Note : There is no indentation rule in writing C programming, we

can write the above code in following ways :
If-then statements

Example:

if (a == b)
printf ("if a is equal to b");
printf ("%d is equal to %d", a, b);

if (a == b)
{
printf ("if a is equal to b");
printf ("%d is equal to %d", a, b);
}

Note : The second way of writing code is a good practice.

A complete example on conditional if-else
statement:
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int num;
printf("Input a number : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num>0)
{
printf("This is a positive integer\n");
}
else // else portion of if statement
{
printf(" This is not a positive integer..Try again\n"
);
}
}
Sequential if-then statements
Example:

if (a == b)
printf ("a = b");
if (a == c)
printf ("a = c");
if (b == c)
printf ("b = c")
Multi-way if-else-Statement
Syntax :

if (expression_1)
statement_1
else if (expression_2)
statement_2
.
.
.
else if (expression_n)
statement_n
else
other_statement
Multi-way if-else-Statement
#include<stdio.h>
main() else if(num>=50 && num<60)
{ {
int num; printf("Grade : Average");
printf("Input score :");
scanf("%d",&num); }
if (num>=90) else if(num>=40 && num<50)
{ {
printf("Grade : Excellent"); printf("Grade : Poor");
}
} else
else if(num>=80 && num<90) {
{ printf("Grade : Not Promote
printf("Grade : Very Good"); d");
}
} }
else if(num>=60 && num<80)
{
printf("Grade : Good");
}
Nested if-then-else statements
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int num1=5, num2=3, num3=-12, min;
if(num1<num2)
{
if(num1<num3)
min = num1;
else
min = num3;
}
else
{
if(num2<num3)
min = num2;
else
min = num3;
}
printf("Among %d, %d, %d minimum number is %d",num1,num2,num3,
min);
}