NURSING CARE

MANAGEMENT 104
DIAGNOSTIC
ASSESSMENT
CHARLES Z. ARIOL A JR., RN., MSN., LPT.
Instructor I
 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- it is a noninvasive, risk free test, which is
easily performed at the bedside or
ambulatoory basis.

- uses ultrasound waves to assess cardiac

structure and mobility, particularly of the
valves.
PREPARATION
1. There is no special preparation
2. Just inform the patient that the procedure
is painless and takes 30 to 60 minutes
3. The patient is instructed to lie quietly
and on his or left side with the head
elevated 15 to 20 degrees.
Arterial System
- blood moves from the larger arteries
to a network of smaller blood vessels called
arterioles, which meet in the capillary bed.

Venous System
- blood travels from capillaries to the
venules and to the larger system of veins
ARTERIAL SYSTEM

Blood Pressure - force of blood exerted

against the vessal walls. Pressure in the
larger arterial blood vessels is about 80 to
100 mm Hg and decreases as blood reaches
capillaries ( about 25 mm Hg)

BP = CO X PVR
MECHANISMS THAT AFFECT BP

1. Autonomic Nervous System

2. Kidney
3. Endocrine System

SYSTOLIC BP - pressure or force

generated by the left ventricle to distribute
blood into the aorta with each contraction
of the heart.
BARORECEPTORS
- located lin the arch of aorta and the
origin of carotid arteries which are
stimulated when the arterial walls stretched
by an increased BP
- impulses from these inhibit the
vasomotor center.

PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS
- sensitive to hypoxemia
KIDNEYS
- help regulate cardiovascular activity.

- activation of Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone Mechanism
- Antidiuretic hormone
OTHER FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
ACTIVITY OF CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM

1. Emotional Behaviors (Excitement, pain,

anger)
2. Stimulation of SNS
3. Increased physical activity
4. Body Temperature