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Waiting Lines and Qeuing Theory Model
Waiting Lines and Qeuing Theory Model
Theory Models
Chapter Outline
Introduction
Waiting Line Costs
Characteristics of a Queuing System
Single-Channel Queuing Model with Poisson Arrivals
and Exponential Service Times (M/M/1)
Multichannel Queuing Model with Poisson Arrivals
and Exponential Service Times (M/M/m)
Constant Service Time Model (M/D/1)
Finite Population Model (M/M/1 with Finite Source)
Queuing Theory
Size of the calling population Waiting lines can be either limited or Basic Queuing Configurations
unlimited(infinite) or limited(finite) unlimited. Service systems are usually classified
in terms of their number of channels, or
number of servers, and number of
phases, or number of service stops,
that must be made
Pattern of Arrivals queue discipline-this refers to the rule Single-channel system with one
Random arrivals by which customers in the line are to server is quite common.
Poisson Distribution-the number of receive service ex FIFO Multichannel systems exist when
arrivals per unit of time can be multiple servers are fed by one
estimated by a probability distribution common waiting line.
Single-phase system, the customer
receives service form just one server.
Multiphase system, the customer
has to go through more than one
server.
k Pn>k = (2/3)k+1
Total Service Cost Total Waiting Cost Total cost = mCs + WCw
= (Total time spent waiting
= (Number of Channels x x Cost of Waiting) And when based on
Cost per Channel) = (Number of Arrivals x
time in the queue:
= mCs Average wait per arrival)
Cw
Total cost = mCs + WqCw
= (W)Cw
If waiting cost is based in
the queue
= (Wq)Cw
Arnold has identified Arnold estimated the Total Daily Cost of
the mechanics wage cost of customer queuing system
$7/hr as the service cost waiting time is $50/hr
=$120 + $ 533.33
Total daily Service Cost Total Daily Waiting Cost =$653.33
=(8 hrs/day) mCs =(8 hrs/day/WqCw
= (8)(1)($15) =(8)(2)(2/3)($50)
=$120 = $533.33
Multichannel Queuing Model with Poisson
Arrivals and Exponential Service Times (M/M/m)
n0 n! 3 2! 3 2(3) 2
Probability of 0 cars in the system
2. The average number of ( / )m
customers or units in the system L P
( m 1)!( m ) 2 0
2(3)( 2 / 3) 2 1 2
L ( ) 0.75
(1)![2(3) 2] 2 3
2
3. The average time a unit spends in
the waiting line or being served, in
( / )m 1 L
the system W P
(m 1)!(m ) 2 0
L 3
W hour 22 1 minutes
8 2
1 Lq 0.083
Wq W 0.0415 hour 2 1 minutes
2 2
Introducing Costs to the Model
Total Service Cost Total Waiting Cost Total cost = mCs + WCw
= (Total time spent waiting
= (Number of Channels x x Cost of Waiting) And when based on
CostAdding
per Channel) = (Number of Arrivals x
the second time in the queue:
= mCservice
s bay Average wait per arrival)
Cw This is the cheapest
reduces the waiting Total cost =
option: + WqCw
mCs the
open
time in line but will = (W)Cw second bay and hire
increase the If waiting cost is based in a second worker at
service cost as a the queue the same $15 rate.
second mechanic
needs to be hired = (Wq)Cw
Arnold has identified Arnold estimated the Total Daily Cost of
the mechanics wage cost of customer queuing system
$7/hr as the service cost waiting time is $50/hr
=$240 + $ 33.20
Total daily Service Cost Total Daily Waiting Cost =$273.20
=(8 hrs/day) mCs =(8 hrs/day/WqCw
= (8)(2)($15) =(8)(2)(.0415)($50)
=$240 = $33.20
Effect of Service Level on
Arnold’s Operating
Characteristics
LEVEL OF SERVICE
ONE TWO ONE FAST
OPERATING MECHANIC MECHANICS MECHANIC
CHARACTERISTIC =3 = 3 FOR BOTH =4
Probability that the system
0.33 0.50 0.50
is empty (P0)
Average number of cars in
2 cars 0.75 cars 1 car
the system (L)
Average time spent in the
60 minutes 22.5 minutes 30 minutes
system (W)
Average number of cars in
1.33 cars 0.083 car 0.50 car
the queue (Lq)
Average time spent in the
40 minutes 2.5 minutes 15 minutes
queue (Wq)
Constant Service Time Model
(M/D/1)