Chapter 3

Concept of
government
Overview

 In this chapter we will learn that people choose the

form of a government and the people that will lead
that government.

 If you are 18 years old and above, you can

participate in the selection process of
choosing who will be given the power to rule.

 Who will set down the rules with the consent of

those who should be involved.
Government

 Is the agency and the instrument that is formed by

the people and for the people.

 It is the body of people and institutions that make

and enforce laws for society.

 The mandate f the government is to serve the

interest and welfare of the people.

 Agency that protect the rights and property of the

people.
Government and Other
Social Organization

Government Other Social Org

 Authority- is  Applies only to its

comprehensive
members
 Membership- does not
apply but one  Voluntary
automatically subject to
its authority  Binding only to its
 Rules- binding to all members
organizations  The sanction given to
 Sanction- imprisonment whom who violate rule
or death
is expulsion
Basic Duties of Government

 Insure domestic peace and order- maintenance

of an effective police force. Conduct of rescue, and
relief operation during calamities.
 Establish the defense of the state and preservation
of independence- like the military alliance.
 Establish diplomatic ties with other states.
 Promote physical, social and economic well-being
of the people- implementation of the social legislation
such as land reform.
Basic Duties of Government

• It is very important that we know what is

government and to know its duties.
For us to be aware of everything that is
happening in our country.
Modern Classifications of Forms of Government

A. As to the number of persons exercising the

sovereign powers.

 Monarchy
- rule by one person usually called the monarch
It may be a king, queen,
emperor, tzar, or tzarina.
2 KINDS of monarchy

a. Absolute monarchy
- Chief executive, legislator, judge, at the
same time
- Holds absolute or total powers
- King Louis XVI of France

Saudi
Jordan Kuwait
Arabia
2 KINDS of monarchy

b. Constitutional monarchy
- Power is limited by the constitution
- Shares power with other government bodies
- Does not have the power to make, implemen
nor declare a law null and void
- Queen Elizabeth of Britain
2 KINDS of democracy

a. Direct democracy
- People directly take part in the decision makin
process of the government

Switzerland
2 KINDS of democracy

a. Representative or Republican
democracy
- People elect their representative that who
will exercise the sovereign power of the state.

Philippines USA Germany

Classifications of forms of government

 Democracy
- Rule of the people demos - people

Greek words
kratos - rule

Saudi
Philippines Kuwait
Arabia
2 KINDS of democracy

a. Representative or Republican
democracy
- People elect their representative that who
- will exercise the sovereign power of the
- state.

Philippines USA Germany

Classifications of forms of government

B. Unitary government
- Centralization of government powers in
the national government
- The authority of the national
government is supreme over local
government authority
Strengths of unitary government

 There are uniformity of legislation and

administrator of government.
 There is efficiency and effectiveness of
the execution of national policies.
 There is less expense in the operation of
government
 There is enhancement of national unity
respect to religion, language, and
culture.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

• This form divides the powers of the

government between the national government
and the different local government units. Both
are supreme in their own jurisdictions. In cases
where the powers of the national government
collides with the local government, the
Supreme Court acts as arbiter as the
constitution of a federal states provides.
STRENGTHS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

1. There is independence of local governments to

initiate programs and laws within their
jurisdictions and scope of authority that will
answer their particular needs.
2. There is uniformity of laws, policies and
administration that are applicable to the whole
country while at the same time it allows wide
diversity of laws, and policies adopted in each
local government as determined by their varying
needs and conditions.
STRENGTHS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

3. There is provision for local government to

adopt new and untried legislative and
administrative approaches to address vital
issues affecting it.
4. The people in a federal system are more
interested to participate in public affairs.
5. The national government is relieved of the
burdens and congestions in attending to
various local problems.
WEAKNESSES NOTED IN A FEDERAL SYSTEM

1. The lack of uniform legislation among local

government makes administration of federal
affairs difficult.
2. It creates a complex political organization where
there is duplicity of legislation and administration
that entails heavy expenditures.
3. Confusion and delay is likely to happen when
certain government problem borders between
federal and local authority.
Presidential Government

It is that form of government in which the

chief executive (the President) is constitutionally
independent of the legislature with respect to his
tenure, acts, and powers.

* Is organized under the principle of separation of

powers. This principle means that the powers of
government are divided among three co-equal
branches of government- the legislative, executive
and judicial branches
parliamentary Government

It is that form of government in which

the real executive (the Prime minister and his
cabinet or ministry) is immediately and legally
responsible to the legislature and
immediately or finally responsible to the
electorate, while the titular or nominal
executive (the head of state) occupies a
position of irresponsibility.
MARCOS MODIFIED PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM

 Philippines has a brief experience on

parliamentary system under President
Ferdinand Marcos
 Parliamentary System took effect from
1981
 Marcos has deposed by a peaceful
people’s revolution in 1986
PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY

Popular Sovereignty
Political Equality
Popular Consultation
Majority Rule
DIRECT DEMOCRACY

Law making
People process

The people are directly involve

in the law making process
REPUBLICAN DEMOCRACY

Elected Law making

People legislator process

Electing representatives makes

people to participate indirectly
in law making
Basic Duties of Government

A. Constituent functions

 Such as maintanance of peace and

order, protection of person and
property, and defense of the state.
These functions are compulsory and
inherent to a state as attributes of
sovereignty.
Basic Duties of Government

b. MINISTRANT FUNCTIONS

 Such as providing for free elementary and

secondary education, and low cost
housing. These functions are undertaken
to advance the general interest of society
and voluntary or optional on the
government.
APPROCHES IN PROMOTING THE GENERAL
WELFARE

LAISSEZ-FAIRE APPROACH

 literally means, let alone

 government is viewed as enemy of human
liberty, therefore, it should not intervene in
the economy except in issuing permits and
registration.
 government should allow natural order to
take place such as operation of market
forces.
SOCIALIST APPROACH

 government plays a big role in the

economy
 government, not private individuals or
corporations, own major and strategic
means of production.
 private ownership of business and
industries is limited.
WELFARE STATE APPROACH

 a combination of laissez and socialist

approach
 government establishes basic rules for
economic order and act to eliminate
abuses by private individuals and or
corporation.
 provides social security to its citizens,
compensation, financial assistance of
unemployed.
 End of
Presentation