JUSTICE

AND
FAIRNESS
THE NATURE OF
THE THEORY
1.IT IS DEFINED AS
FAIRNESS

A.FAIRNESS
B.EQUALITY
C.JUSTICE
 C. JUSTICE

“Justice as Fairness” because it

determines the rights in a society by
its rules of law or equity.
Plato, a Greek philosopher proposed
a theory of justice in one of his
Dialogues, The Republic. Since
then, many theories have risen to
explain the concept of Justice like
Divine Theory and Natural Theory.
 2.IT IS THE EQUAL
DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS,
DUTIES AND PRIVILEGES

A. DISTRIBUTIVEJUSTICE
B. ABUNDANT JUSTICE
C. SOCIALITY JUSTICE
A. DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

Distributive Justice is how goods,

duties, and privileges are used as
basis of the merits of individuals
and in considering the interest of
the society also. By distributing
goods, fairness should be
emphasized to people but problems
usually arise when a society has a
limited amount of resources and
wealth that causes a conflict or
debate.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
DISTRIBUTIVE
JUSTICE
 3. PHILOSOPHER THOMAS
HOBBES BELIEVED IN THIS
NECESSITY

A. THE WRONGNESS OF
NECESSITY
B. THE LOVE OF NECESSITY
C. THE RIGHT OF NECESSITY
C. THE RIGHT OF NECESSITY

An English Philosopher
Thomas Hobbes believed
that every individual has
the right to whatever they
need for self-preservation
which includes the basic
survival needs of food,
water, clothing and shelter.
4. THIS CHARACTERISTIC EXPLAINS
THAT EVEN IF AN INDIVIDUAL
RECEIVED AN EQUAL AMOUNT OF
RESOURCES

A. THE RIGHTNESS
NECESSITY
B. EQUITY OF RESOURCES
C. EQUALITY
C. EQUITY OF RESOURCES

This characteristic explains

that even if an individual
received an equal amount of
resources, one individual may
achieve a better status because
of how that person makes use
of the equally given resource
and make it more productive.
 IT INCLUDES BENEFITS AND
BURDEN OF SYSTEM.

A. •Distributive Justice and

Environmental Concerns
B. Welfare-based Principle
of Distributive Justice
C. Stability
B. WELFARE-BASED PRINCIPLE
OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

- includes benefits and burden of

system.

EXAMPLE:

Benefits: Burdens:
Income taxation
Economic wealth health care
 2. TAKING CARE OF AN
ENVIRONMENT IS AN OBLIGATION.

A. Distributive Justice and

Environmental Concerns
B. B. Welfare-based
Principle of Distributive
Justice
C. Stability
 A.DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

-Taking care of an
environment is an obligation.

-Higher population leads to

lower resources.

What To Promote: STABILITY

3. HE IS THE AUTHOR OF "A
THEORY OF JUSTICE"

A.John Rawls
B.B. Jhonny Warls
C.C. Jhone Raws
 A. JOHN RAWLS
•Egalitarian Theory

John Rawls - Author of "A theory of Justice(1971)"

A Theory of Justice - Principle of Good(Max Min

Principle)

Max Min Principle - maximize the LIBERTIES and

minimize the INEQUALITIES.

Liberties - opportunities that can be accorded to all

human beings.

Inequalities - human differences that could lead to

disadvantages.
RAWLS THEORY
OF JUSTICE:
TWO(2)
PRINCIPLES
WHETHER THE ACTION PROTECTS
OUR RIGHTS FROM INVASION AND
PROVIDE RIGHTS FOR US EQUAL TO
THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS

A. THE PRINCILE OF EQUAL

LIBERTY
B. THE DIFFERENCE
PRINCIPLE
C. THE FAIRNESS
 A. THE PRINCIPLE OF
EQUAL LIBERTY

Whether the action protects our

rights from invasion and
provide rights for us equal to
the rights of others.

("KANTIAN C
OMMITMENT"
no one wants to be treated as a
"Mere Means")
THERE WILL BE INEQUALITIES, BUT
WE ARE MORALLY OBLIGATED TO
IMPROVE THE WORST OF UNLESS IT
WOULD MAKE EVERYONE WORSE
OFF.

A. A. THE PRINCILE OF
EQUAL LIBERTY
B. THE DIFFERENCE
PRINCIPLE
C. THE FAIRNESS
 B. THE DIFFERENCE
PRINCIPLE

There will be inequalities, but we are morally obligated to

improve the worst of unless it would make everyone worse
off.

("Preserves the Utilitarian belief in net benefits")

(2.b) PRINCIPLE OF FAIR EQUALITYOF OPPORTUNITY

Requires that job qualifications be related to the job.

("Combination of Kant[treating people as free and equal] &

Utilitarianism [treating people equal])

RAWLS' JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS CHOICE OF

PRINCIPLES

•••He believes that these are the principles that a rational

self-interested person would choose if they were in the
"original position" behind the veil of ignorance.
HE STRONGLY CRITICIZED THE POLITICAL AND
CULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE DAY. HE
BECAME A JOURNALIST, AND THE RADICAL
NATURE OF HIS WRITINGS WOULD EVENTUALLY
GET HIM EXPELLED BY THE GOVERNMENTS OF
GERMANY, FRANCE AND BELGIUM

A. KARL
MAX
B.ADAM SMITH
C.KANT SMITH
 A. KARL MAX
As a university student, Karl Marx (1818-1883) joined a
movement known as the Young Hegelians, who strongly
criticized the political and cultural establishments of the
day. He became a journalist, and the radical nature of his
writings would eventually get him expelled by the
governments of Germany, France and Belgium

Socialists complain that capitalism neces

sarily leads to unfair and exploitative concentrations of
wealth and power in the hands of the relative few who
emerge victorious from free-market competition—people
who then use their wealth and power to reinforce their
dominance in society As socialists see it, true freedom and
true equality require social control of the resources that
provide the basis for prosperity in any society. Karl
Marx and Friedrich Engels made this point in Manifesto of
the Communist Party (1848) when they proclaimed that in
a socialist society “the condition for the free development
of each is the free development of all.”
 ECONOMIST AND PHILOSOPHER WHO
WROTE WHAT IS CONSIDERED THE "BIBLE
OF CAPITALISM," THE WEALTH OF
NATIONS, IN WHICH HE DETAILS THE
FIRST SYSTEM OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.

A.KARLMAX
B.ADAM SMITH
C.KANT SMITH
 B. ADAM SMITH

was an economist and philosopher who wrote

what is considered the "bible of capitalism," The
Wealth of Nations, in which he details the first
system of political economy.
Smith’s ideas are a reflection on economics in
light of the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution, and he states that free-market
economies (i.e., capitalist ones) are the most
productive and beneficial to their societies. He
goes on to argue for an economic system based
on individual self-interest led by an “invisible
hand,” which would achieve the greatest good
for all.
In time, The Wealth of Nations won Smith a far-
reaching reputation, and the work, considered a
foundational work of classical economics, is one
of the most influential books ever written.
JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS