OPERATION OF 18 GHz HTS

ECRIS AND LEBT ON A 200kV

HV PLATFORM

By
C.Namitha
Under the guidance of
Dr. G.O Rodrigues
IUAC
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ,
New Delhi-110067
Outline

 Ion source
 ECR Ion Source

 HTS ECR ion source at IUAC

(PKDELIS)
 Low Energy Beam Transport

 Source operation and beam tuning

 Study of source characteristics

 Conclusion

 Reference
Ion source

 Production of atomic/molecular ions (

single/multiply charge)
 Extensively used in accelerators, nuclear
research,material sciences,ion implantaion etc
 Types:-
 Laser ion source
 Vacuum arc ion source
 Microwave ion source
 RF powered ion source
 Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source
ECR Ion Source

 No short-lived filaments and hot cathodes

 Confined ions
 Low gas pressure
 Highly charged ions
Magnetic confinement
 Based on the principle of conservation of energy.
 Particles of plasma experience Lorentz force due to the applied magnetic
field B.
F=eQv x B
F=mv2/r=qvB
Gyro-radius(r)=mvp/eQB
Gyro-frequency(ωC)=qB/m
On simplification, fc=28B (GHz)
 Magnetic field is higher at both the ends compared
 to the center (min-B configuration).
 F=μgradB

Note: Collision frequency < gyro-frequency

(for electrons and ions)
ECR Heating

Frequency of microwave=Gyrofrequency of
electron(RESONANCE) => Maximum power transfer =>
Energetic electrons => High ionization

High Current Injector Project at
IUAC
18 GHz High Temperature
Superconducting ECRIS ( PKDELIS)
 HTS coils : Variable axial magnetic field
 Superconducting coils are operating at a temperature of 23K
 Hexapole magnet(Nd,Fe,B) :Radial magnetic field
 (min-B Configuration)
 Klystron : Microwave source/amplifier (18GHz)
 Plasma chamber : Bias electrode is also present to
 repel away electrons, ionization enhances.



 Extraction : Extractor electrode,Focus electrode,Puller
electrode(Einzel lens )


Note : Turbomolecular pumps along with scroll pumps(as back

up) are used to maintain vacuum in the chamber.
Low Energy Beam Transport
 Magnetic Quadrupole : Strong focusing lens ; Focuses in one plane and
defocuses in the other


 Electrostatic Quadrupole : Similar to magnetic quadrupoles



 Steering magnet : Make small corrections to beam trajectories



 Bending magnet (Analyzer) : Bending angle = 900 ; Filtering of ion by m/q

selection (Varying magnetic field)


 Faraday Cup : Blocks the beam and measures the beam current


 Beam Profile Monitor : Scans the beam in x-, y-plane and shows the
amplitude and size of the beam.

HTS ECRIS and LEBT on a HV
platform
 The HTS ECRIS and LEBT are placed on a high voltage platform for further
acceleration.
Source operation and beam tuning



B.r (Magnetic Rigidity) = 0.144√((m x E)/Q
2 )
Outgas mode
Parameter Value
Extraction Voltage 25 kV
Focus electrode 14.46 kV
Puller electrode 0.18 kV
Microwave power 800 W
Reflected microwave Power 1.56 W
Bias voltage -60 V
Injection Pressure 2.7 X 10-6 mbar
Extraction Pressure 1.2 X 10-7 mbar
Analyzer Magnetic Field 0.09769 T
(scaled value)
Microwave Tuner Position 9.29
Ion I(uA)

O+ 63
O2+ 67
O3+ 42
O4+ 23
O5+ 10
 Microwave power 300 W

Ion I(uA
)
O+ 46.7
O+

O2+ 34.8
O2+

O3+ 5.93

O3+
 Study of source characteristics

Fixed Parameter Value

Extraction Voltage 25 kV

Focus electrode 14.82 kV

Puller electrode 0.18 kV

Microwave power 880 W

Injection Pressure 2.66 X 10-6 mbar

Extraction 9.37 X 10-8

Pressure mbar
Fixed Parameter Value

Extraction Voltage 25 kV

Focus electrode 14.82 kV

Puller electrode 0.18 kV

Microwave power 880 W

Bias voltage -110 V

Conclusion
Reference
 ‘The Physics and Technology of Ion Sources’ edited by Ian. G.
Brown
 ‘ECR Ion sources and ECR Plasma’ by R. Geller
 ‘NSC School on Accelerator Physics’
 https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:47048
458
 http://slideplayer.com/slide/4536379/15/images/12/Principl
e+of+the+ECR+Ion+Source.jpg
 https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/a04/PAPERS/THP
16056.PDF
 http://www.iuac.res.in/accel/hci/ecr/deck.jpg
 http://www.iuac.res.in/event/ijschool/16/DKanjilal.pdf
 https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/ecris08/papers/mo
po-17.pdf