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Neoplasia: and Inherited and Congenital Diseases
Neoplasia: and Inherited and Congenital Diseases
Neoplasia: and Inherited and Congenital Diseases
Malignant
Note: Death is usually due to complications caused by cancer
Neoplasm
Nomenclature
Benign – tissue of origin + suffix –oma
Benign tumor in glandular tissue =
adenoma
Benign tumor in bone =
osteoma
Benign tumor in fatty tissue =
lipoma
Neoplasm
Nomenclature (cont.)
Malignant:
If tissue of origin is epithelial, than add suffix
–carcinoma
– Malignancy in glandular tissue =
Adenocarcinoma
If tissue of origin is bone, muscle, cartilage,
or connective tissue, add suffix –sarcoma
– Malignancy in bone =
Osteosarcoma
Nomenclature
Exceptions
Melanoma or Lymphoma –usually
malignant! Need to see adjective in
front of term (benign or malignant)
Glioma – highly fatal malignancy of
glial cells in the CNS
Etiology of Malignant
Neoplasia (Cancer)
Neoplasia Treatment
Benign – surgical resection
Malignant:
Chromosomal aberrations
Genetic defects
Congenital defects
Chromosomes
Down’s Syndrome
(Trisomy-21)
-Slanted eyes with round
face
-Short, stocky stature
-Learning deficiency yet
extremely good
disposition
-Sub-par immune system
so tend to be “sickly”
-Usually develop
Alzheimer’s if survive
to age 60
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
(Trisomy-23 = XXY )
-Male genitalia at birth
-Secondary female
traits during puberty
– Gynecomastia
– Pelvic girdle widens
-Some learning
impairment
-Usually are sterile
Turner’s Syndrome
(Monosomy-23 = Xo)
-Female genitalia at birth
-Minimal changes at
puberty
– Lack of breast
development
– Pelvis does not widen
– Sterile
-Very bright!
-Turner’s responds to
hormone therapy if
diagnosed early
enough!
Autosomal Recessive
Genetic Diseases
-Genes line up in pairs in chromosomes
– Each gene of the pair is referred to as an
allele
-Alleles may be dominant or recessive
– Dominant = always manifests no matter
what other allele it is paired with
– Recessive = has to be paired with
another recessive allele to manifest
Possible Gene Pairings:
Homozygous Dominant
– Both alleles are the same and dominant
– The dominant trait is expressed
Homozygous Recessive
– Both alleles are the same and recessive
– The recessive trait is expressed
Heterozygote
– A dominant allele and a recessive allele are
paired on a chromosome
– The dominant trait is expressed but the
recessive allele is still carried
Most autosomal
recessive diseases
C. Relieve pain
B. Benign neoplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Malignant neoplasia
E. Anaplasia
When a person is stung by a bee, and
there is a reaction where blood
vessels dilate, blood pressure falls,
and there is decreased blood flow to
vital organs, what type of allergic
reaction has occurred?
A. Anaphylactic
B. Delayed
C. Cytotoxic
D. Cell – mediated