ANATOMY OF THE EAR

A) Outer / External Ear

Outer / External Ear

■ Auricula
■ Meatus acusticus externus
■ Tympanic membrane
1) Auricula
2) Meatus Acusticus Externus

■ Pars Cartilagenous
1/3 outer part, hair cells, sebaceous glands, cerumen glands

■ Pars Osseus
2/3 inner part
3) Tympanic Membrane
3) Tympanic Membrane

■ Pars Tensa
mucous, fibrous layer, cutaneous
■ Pars Flaccida / Sharpnells Membrane
Mucous, Cutaneous
■ Light Reflex : Auricula Dextra (arah jam 5), Auricula Sinistra (arah jam 7)
■ Color (normal) : pearl white
■ Size (normal) : 9-10 x 8-9 mm
B) Middle Ear
B) Middle Ear

■ Border of cavity
■ Eustachian tube
■ Auditory bones
1) Borders of Cavity

■ Lateral : tympanic membrane

■ anterior : eustachian tube
■ caudal : jugular vein
■ posterior : auditus ad antrum, canalis fascialis pars verticalis
■ Cranial : menginges / brain, tympanic segment
■ Medial : (cranial to caudal) canalis semicircularis, canalis fascialis, oval and round
window , promontorium
2) Tuba Eustachius
2) Tuba Eustachius

■ Connects middle ear and nasopharynx

■ Lateral part : osseus part
■ Medial part : cartilagenous part
■ Differences between adult’s and children’s eustachian tube :
Children have wider and shorter tube, and its position is more horizontal compared to
adults’ .
■ Clinical significance : infection from nasopharynx easier to invade to middle ear area
among children.
3) Auditory Bones
3) Auditory Bones

■ Maleus, Incus, Stapes (lateral to medial)

■ Each one will ring each other (from maleus to incus to stapes)
■ Stapes will ring foramen ovale
C) Inner / Internal Ear
C) Inner / Internal Ear

■ Labyrinth : Membrane & Bone

■ Choclea
■ Organ Corti
1) Labirynth
■ BONE Labyrinth : ■ MEMBRANE Labyrinth
1. Vestibuli 1. cochlear duct / scala media
2. canalis semicircularis 2. utriculus & saculus
3. Cochlea 3. semicircular duct
4. endolymph duct & sacs

■ Utriculus & saculus : macula, surrounded by hairy cells, gelatinous layers,

have cillia
■ Semicircular canals : have otolith which contains Calcium
Otolith moves towards hairy cells cilia to give impuls to receptors
■ Between bone and membrane labyrinth : perilymph fluid
2) Cochlea
2) Cochlea

■ Scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympanic (cranial to caudal)

■ Scala vestibuli : perilymph
■ Membrane reissner (border between scala vestibuli and media)
■ Scala media / cochlear duct : endolymph
■ Membrane basillaris (border between scala media and tympanic)
■ Scala tympanic : perilymph
3) Organ Corti
3) Organ Corti

■ Location : on basillar membrane

■ Important organnel for peripheral auditory nerves
■ Structures :
1. Canalis corti : tube between outer and inner hair cells
2. Hair cells : important receptors for auditory , converting mechanical to electrical
energy
3. Supporting cells (deiter cells)
4. Tectoria membrane
Thank You 