G.H.

RAISONI COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Cooling Towers
Group member
Bhavesh patil (Tmec 67)
Saurabh Patil (Tmec 68)
Sushant Patil (Tmec 69)
Akshay Pawar (Tmec 70)
Introduction

 A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to

the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
 Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil
refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power plant and
HVAC systems for cooling building.
 Cooling towers originated in the 19th century through the development
of condenser for use with the steam engine.
 Cooling towers are used in a variety of applications; from the 400 foot tall towers at
nuclear power plants to small 4 foot cooling boxes used by neighborhood dry
cleaners.
 The most common use is in large building central cooling systems, but also used
for refrigeration, cold storage facilities, dry cleaning, medical equipment,
manufacturing and industry.
Different Parts of Cooling Tower

 Eliminator : It is not allowed to pass water. Eliminator is placed the at top of tower,
from which only hot air can pass.
 Spray Nozzles and Header : These parts are used to increase the rate of
evaporation by increasing surface area of water.
 PVC Falling : It reduces the falling speed of hot water and it is similar to beehive.
 Mesh : When the fan is ON, it uses atmosphere air which contains some
unwanted dust particles. Mesh is used to stop these particles and do not allow to
enter dust in to cooling tower.
 Float Valve : It is used to maintain level of water.
 Bleed Valve : It is used to control the concertation of minerals and salt.
 Body : Body or outer surface of cooling tower is often made up from FRP (fiber
reinforced plastic), which protects the internal parts of cooling tower.
Types of Cooling Towers

 Crossflow Cooling Towers :- In crossflow cooling tower systems the water vertically
flows through the fill media while the air horizontally flows across the falling water.
 Counterflow Cooling Towers :- In counterflow cooling tower system processes, the
air vertically flows upwards, counter to the water flow in the fill media.
 Forced Draft & Induced Draft Cooling Towers Process :- Cooling tower fans are
used on induced draft cooling towers to pull air up through the fill media.
 Factory Assembled Cooling Towers (FAP) Factory Assembled Product :- These
factory-assembled cooling tower systems come somewhat disassembled and are
shipped in a few sections, ready for final assembly or field erection.
 Field-Erected-Towers (FEP) Field Erected Product :- Field-erected cooling towers
are usually constructed on the final destination site. The large FEP is usually
prefabricated, marked by piece and shipped to the construction site for assembly.
Cooling Tower Diagram
Working Of Cooling Tower
What is Evaporative Cooling?

 Evaporative cooling is the process where warm water from an industrial process is
pumped up to the top of the cooling tower where the water distribution system is.

 The water then gets distributed by cooling tower nozzles to the wet deck.

 At the same time, air is being drawn through the air-inlet louvers forcing water to
evaporate.

 Evaporation causes the heat to be removed from the make up water.

 The hot air naturally rises out of the tire.

Industries Which Are Using Cooling
Tower
 HVAC
 Refrigeration & Chilling Plant
 Diesel Engine & Gas Engine
 Natural Gas Engine
 Induction Melting Steel Furnace (Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal)
 Induction Heating Steel Furnace (Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal)
 Plastic Injection & Blow Moulding Machine
 Water Cooled Air Conditioning systems & VAM Machines
 Cold Storage
 Milk & Dairy Plants
 Oxygen Plants
Heat transfer methods

 Dry cooling towers operate by heat transfer through a surface that separates the
working fluid from ambient air, such as in a tube to airheat exchanger, utilizing
convective heat transfer. They do not use evaporation.
 Wet cooling towers (or open circuit cooling towers) operate on the principle
of evaporative cooling. The working fluid and the evaporated fluid (usually water)
are one and the same.
 Fluid coolers (or closed circuit cooling towers) are hybrids that pass the working
fluid through a tube bundle, upon which clean water is sprayed and a fan-induced
draft applied.